131 research outputs found
Investigation of different versions of formulation of the problem of soundproofing of rectangular plates surrounded with acoustic media
Β© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media New York. We consider five different formulations of the stationary problem of passage of plane acoustic waves through a rectangular plate. The first of these formulations corresponds to the application of the inertial mass model based on the hypothesis of the nondeformability of a nonfixed rigid plate in the course of its interaction with incident and plane acoustic waves formed in the surrounding half spaces. The other four statements correspond to taking into account (according to the model of the Winkler base) or neglecting the compliance of the support contour of a hingedly supported rectangular plate deformed according to the Kirchhoff model and to the application one-or three-dimensional wave equations for the description of motions of the acoustic media and the construction of the equation of motion of the plate with regard for its certain external damping. The use of these last four statements enables us to obtain smoothened graphic frequency dependences whose shapes agree with the experimental dependences obtained by testing specimens in the acoustic laboratory aimed at finding the soundproofing index of the plate
Investigation of Different Versions of Formulation of the Problem of Soundproofing of Rectangular Plates Surrounded with Acoustic Media
Β© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New YorkWe consider five different formulations of the stationary problem of passage of plane acoustic waves through a rectangular plate. The first of these formulations corresponds to the application of the inertial mass model based on the hypothesis of the nondeformability of a nonfixed rigid plate in the course of its interaction with incident and plane acoustic waves formed in the surrounding half spaces. The other four statements correspond to taking into account (according to the model of the Winkler base) or neglecting the compliance of the support contour of a hingedly supported rectangular plate deformed according to the Kirchhoff model and to the application one- or three-dimensional wave equations for the description of motions of the acoustic media and the construction of the equation of motion of the plate with regard for its certain external damping. The use of these last four statements enables us to obtain smoothened graphic frequency dependences whose shapes agree with the experimental dependences obtained by testing specimens in the acoustic laboratory aimed at finding the soundproofing index of the plate
ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Reduction of the systematic error when determining the characteristics of the reference X-ray radiation fields is an essential task according to the ISO 4037-1:2019 standard. This task is especially important in dosimetry laboratories when establishing the qualities of reference photon fields. The aim of the study was to develop a method that allows taking into account the contribution of radiation scattered on the filter when determining the half-value layer of the photon field generated by the X-ray unit. Another goal was to reduce the computational cost of determining this contribution.One of the major contributors to the systematic error in measuring the half-value layer is the radiation scattered on the filter material. The standard recommends that this error should be taken into account in the measurement. But it does not provide any methodology that would do this.The study investigated the possibility of reducing the contribution of scattered radiation to the ionization chamber readings when assessing the radiation quality of the X-ray unit by the means of half-value layer. The study utilized the (N,Β H,Β L) quality series as reference fields according to ISO 4037-1:2019.Contribution of the scattered radiation to the half-value layer was compensated with the correction coefficients; they were calculated with the FLUKA Monte Carlo software according to the zero-aperture approximation method. Unlike other similar methods, the proposed approach employs kinetic energy released to matter (kerma), to air in this case, as the main value, which, when utilized instead of deposited energy, reduces the programβs runtime several fold.Correctness of the results obtained in this work was verified by comparing the calculated values of the half-value layer with the tabulated ones provided in the ISO 4037-1:2019 standard. The deviation of calculated values from those specified in the standard does not exceed 2 %.Calculation results showed that the error contributed by scattered radiation to the magnitude of the halfvalue layer in direct measurements does not exceed 5 %. The use of the air kerma allowed us to significantly reduce the time for calculating the correction coefficients by the factor of 6β16 times with respect to other methods, depending on the radiation quality series. This made it possible to calculate correction factors for the source-detector distance equal to 2.5 meters.Π£ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ISO 4037-1:2019 ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ
. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°.ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π²Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°. Π‘ΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»Π° Π±Ρ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ.Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»ΡΒ N-ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ,Β L-ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΒ H-ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ ISO 4037-1:2019. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². Π Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π½ΡΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π² ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅-ΠΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ΅ FLUKA. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΌΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅ ISO 4037-1:2019. ΠΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ 2 %.Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π²Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
, Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ 5 %. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π³Π΄Π΅ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡ) Π² 6β16 ΡΠ°Π· Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊβΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ, ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ 2,5 ΠΌ
METROLOGICAL SUPPORT OF DOSIMETRY GAMMA-RAY WITH ENERGY TO 10 MEV FOR RADIATION PROTECTION DEVICES
The field of high-energy gamma-ray for the calibration of radiation protection devices can be obtained by capturing thermal neutrons from titanium target (to 7 MeV) and nickel target (to 10 MeV). The aim of this work was to determine the metrological characteristics of capture gamma-ray fields from titanium target and nickel target obtained at the AT140 Neutron Calibration Facility to provide dosimetry up to 10 MeV.We have chosen energy intervals in which we can calibrate dosimetry devices taking into account the accompanying generation of gamma-ray neutrons by the fast neutron source 238PuBe, the capture radiation of collimator materials and capture radiation from targets.We measured air kerma rate with the aid of the reference AT5350 dosimeter with the ionization chamber TM32002. Using the Monte-Carlo simulation, we obtained the energy distribution of the air kerma rate for targets. We determined the geometric dimensions of the uniform field and the interval of operating distances of the facility.We investigated the metrological characteristics of capture gamma-ray fields from titanium target and nickel target obtained at the AT140 Neutron Calibration Facility for dosimetric radiation protection devices. We showed that in such fields it is possible to calibrate dosimetry devices in the extended energy range up to 10 MeV
Correction of the Contribution of Scattered Photon Radiation to the Ionization Chamber Readings During X-Ray Radiation Quality Assessment
Reduction of the systematic error when determining the characteristics of the reference X-ray radiation fields is an essential task according to the ISO 4037-1:2019 standard. This task is especially important in dosimetry laboratories when establishing the qualities of reference photon fields. The aim of the study was to develop a method that allows taking into account the contribution of radiation scattered on the filter when determining the half-value layer of the photon field generated by the X-ray unit. Another goal was to reduce the computational cost of determining this contribution. One of the major contributors to the systematic error in measuring the half-value layer is the radiation scattered on the filter material. The standard recommends that this error should be taken into account in the measurement. But it does not provide any methodology that would do this. The study investigated the possibility of reducing the contribution of scattered radiation to the ionization chamber readings when assessing the radiation quality of the X-ray unit by the means of half-value layer. The study utilized the (N, H, L) quality series as reference fields according to ISO 4037-1:2019. Contribution of the scattered radiation to the half-value layer was compensated with the correction coefficients; they were calculated with the FLUKA Monte Carlo software according to the zero-aperture approximation method. Unlike other similar methods, the proposed approach employs kinetic energy released to matter (kerma), to air in this case, as the main value, which, when utilized instead of deposited energy, reduces the programβs runtime several fold. Correctness of the results obtained in this work was verified by comparing the calculated values of the half-value layer with the tabulated ones provided in the ISO 4037-1:2019 standard. The deviation of calculated values from those specified in the standard does not exceed 2 %. Calculation results showed that the error contributed by scattered radiation to the magnitude of the halfvalue layer in direct measurements does not exceed 5 %. The use of the air kerma allowed us to significantly reduce the time for calculating the correction coefficients by the factor of 6β16 times with respect to other methods, depending on the radiation quality series. This made it possible to calculate correction factors for the source-detector distance equal to 2.5 meters
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ Π ΠΠ‘Π§ΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠ©ΠΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠΠΠ« ΠΠΠ― Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠ«Π‘ΠΠΠΠ§Π£ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ¬ΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠ«Π₯ Π‘Π ΠΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ Π‘Π¦ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ―Π¦ΠΠΠΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ―
Devices based on scintillation detector are highly sensitive to photon radiation and are widely used to measure the environment dose rate. Modernization of the measuring path to minimize the error in measuring the response of the detector to gamma radiation has already reached its technological ceiling and does not give the proper effect. More promising for this purpose are new methods of processing the obtained spectrometric information. The purpose of this work is the development of highly sensitive instruments based on scintillation detection units using a spectrometric method for calculating dose rate.In this paper we consider the spectrometric method of dosimetry of gamma radiation based on the transformation of the measured instrumental spectrum. Using predetermined or measured functions of the detector response to the action of gamma radiation of a given energy and flux density, a certain function of the energy G(E) is determined. Using this function as the core of the integral transformation from the field to dose characteristic, it is possible to obtain the dose value directly from the current instrumentation spectrum. Applying the function G(E) to the energy distribution of the fluence of photon radiation in the environment, the total dose rate can be determined without information on the distribution of radioisotopes in the environment.To determine G(E) by Monte-Carlo method instrumental response function of the scintillator detector to monoenergetic photon radiation sources as well as other characteristics are calculated. Then the whole full-scale energy range is divided into energy ranges for which the function G(E) is calculated using a linear interpolation.Spectrometric method for dose calculation using the function G(E), which allows the use of scintillation detection units for a wide range of dosimetry applications is considered in the article. As well as describes the method of calculating this function by using Monte-Carlo methods and the features of its application. The results of the calculation function G(E) for the detection unit on the basis of NaI(Tl) detector (Γ40 mm, h = 40 mm) to use it as a comparator for kerma rate in the air certification of low intenseΠ΅ photon radiation fields.Β Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°. Π‘ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π°ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°-ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ G(E). ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡ ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ G(E) ΠΊ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π±Π΅Π· ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅.ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ G(E) ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅-ΠΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π»Π΅Π΅ Π²Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π±ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»Ρ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ G(E) Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ G(E) ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅-ΠΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ G(E) Π΄Π»Ρ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ NaI(Tl) Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ (Γ40 ΠΌΠΌ, h = 40 ΠΌΠΌ) ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°-ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΌΡ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π΅.
Rational Solutions of the Painleve' VI Equation
In this paper, we classify all values of the parameters , ,
and of the Painlev\'e VI equation such that there are
rational solutions. We give a formula for them up to the birational canonical
transformations and the symmetries of the Painlev\'e VI equation.Comment: 13 pages, 1 Postscript figure Typos fixe
Determinant Structure of the Rational Solutions for the Painlev\'e IV Equation
Rational solutions for the Painlev\'e IV equation are investigated by Hirota
bilinear formalism. It is shown that the solutions in one hierarchy are
expressed by 3-reduced Schur functions, and those in another two hierarchies by
Casorati determinant of the Hermite polynomials, or by special case of the
Schur polynomials.Comment: 19 pages, Latex, using theorem.st
Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Near background low dose rate measurements are important part of the environmental radiation monitoring. It is possible to fulfill energy response verification for the high sensitive dosimeters based on inorganic scintillation detectors in low energy region when creating reference X-ray fields with dose rates up to 5 Β΅Sv/h. The aim of this work was to create and study reference X-ray fields with low dose rate and narrow spectrum in the energy range from 15 to 250 keV using high-purity metal filters as a part of X-ray irradiator of AT300 X-ray calibration facility.To determine the main characteristics of created X-ray fields highly sensitive comparators of photon radiation based on NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors was used. The comparators were developed in βATOMTEXβ. To verify comparators energy response the reference AT5350/1 dosimeter and ionization chamber TM32003 with sensitive volume 10000 cm3Β were used.Characteristics of X-ray fields that were created on the AT300 X-ray calibration facility to verify the energy response of high sensitive dosimeters based on scintillation detectors were investigated. The possibility to calibrate high sensitive dosimetric measuring instruments based on scintillation detectors in the energy range up to 250 keV in X-ray beams was shown.ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ (Π΄ΠΎ 5 ΠΌΠΊΠΠ²/Ρ). Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ 15 Π΄ΠΎ 250 ΠΊΡΠ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π£ΠΠ -ΠΠ’300.ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² Π£Π Β«ΠΠ’ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ₯Β» Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈ-ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
NaI(Tl) Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°-ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΠΠ‘-ΠΠ’5350/1 ΠΈ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π’Π32003 Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌ 10000 ΡΠΌ3.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π£ΠΠ -ΠΠ’300 Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎ 250 ΠΊΡΠ Π² ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π€ΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠ₯ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ-ΠΠΠΠ£Π§ΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠ 10 ΠΡΠ ΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ©ΠΠ’Π«
Medical, and technological linear particle accelerators, and nuclear reactors are vastly widespread worldwide today. These facility generate fields of secondary gamma radiation with energy to 10 MeV. Therefore, we have a need to calibrate spectrometric and dosimetric ionization measurement instruments for the energies to 10 MeV. The aim of this work is to determine possibility to use thermal neutron collimator of ΠΠ’140 Neutron Calibration Facility with 238Pu-Be fast neutron source (IBN-8-6) for this. Below 3 MeV we use a set of point gamma standard spectrometry sources OSGI. We can acquire gamma rays with energies above 3 MeV using radioactive thermal neutron capture on target, i.e. (n, Ξ³)-nuclear reaction. We can use neutron capture gamma-ray from titanium target (to 7 MeV) or nickel target (to 10 MeV) situated in thermal neutron field for calibration. We can use thermal neutron collimator of ΠΠ’140 Neutron Calibration Facility with 238Pu-Be fast neutron source (IBN-8-6) for slowing down neutrons from radionuclide fast neutron sources to thermal energies in polyethylene. Thermal neutron collimator forms a beam from radionuclide source with a significant amount of neutrons with thermal energies. We placed Ti and Ni targets in collimatorβs canal. We got experimental spectral data on detection unit BDKG-19M NaI(Tl) 63βΓβ160 mm with nonlinear channel-energy conversion characteristic in range to 10 MeV. For additional filtration we proposed to use polyethylene neutron reflector and lead discs. We experimentally determined that placement of lead discs in collimator in front of the target allows to filter all spectrum while insignificantly weakening targetβs emission. Using theoretical and experimental data we proved the ability to calibrate gamma-ray spectrometers in the range to 10 MeV.Β Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡ
Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ 4 Π΄ΠΎ 10 ΠΡΠ. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π·Π°Ρ
Π²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°-ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΡΡΡΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ Ρ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ 10 ΠΡΠ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠΎ 3 ΠΡΠ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΠ‘ΠΠ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ Ρ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ 10 ΠΡΠ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π·Π°Ρ
Π²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°-ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ, Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΡΡΡΡΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² 238Pu-Be, 252Cf, 241Am-Be. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ (ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½). ΠΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (Π£ΠΠ-ΠΠ’140, Π£Π Β«ΠΠ’ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ₯Β») ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΉ. Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°-ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠΠ-19Π NaI(Tl) 63βΓβ160 ΠΌΠΌ Ρ Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»-ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎ 10 ΠΡΠ. ΠΠ° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Ρ
Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ
Π²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°-ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎ 10 ΠΡΠ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΠΌΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ
Π²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°-ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
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