Определение гармонического состава тока и напряжения ферромагнитного преобразователя напряжения при симметричных режимах

A plasma focus operating in nitrogen is developed as an x-ray source for the laboratory type x-ray microscope. The radiation has to be emitted into the "water window" (2.33 nm - 4.37 nm) with a reciprocal relative bandwidth (RRB) of Lambda/Delta Lambda > 200. The nearly coinciding Lyman-Alpha line of nitrogen VII Lambda = 2.48 nm and the second resonance line of nitrogen VI at Lambda = 2.49 nm are chosen. For the use in the microscope the end on diameter of the source has to be about 200 My m with a spatial jitter below 100 My m. A prototype of the source has been examined in its spatial, temporal and spectral properties. The higher ionization cross sections of nitrogen compared to noble gases influences the start of the discharge. First experiments with Fresnel condenser zone plates (CZP) as a tool for plasma soft x-ray emission diagnostics are presented. Experimental results are compared with non LTE modeling of the collapse and pinch phase of the plasma focus

Влияние молекулярной массы лигносульфоната натрия на реологические свойства высококонцентрированных суспензий бурого угля

Досліджено вплив молекулярної маси лігносульфонату натрію на реологічні властивості висококонцентрованих водовугільних суспензій на основі бурого вугілля Олександрійського родовища. Встановлено, що низькомолекулярні фракції сприяють розрідженню водовугі-льних суспензій а високомолекулярні виступають в ролі стабілізаторів.Исследовано влияние молекулярной массы лигносульфонатов натрия на реологические свойства высококонцентрированных водоугольных суспензий на основе бурого угля Александрийского месторождения. Установлено, что низкомолекулярные фракции сопутствуют разжижению водоугольных суспензий а высокомолекулярные выступают в роли стабилизаторов

Исследование влияния нитрата кальция на свойства тампонажного цемента

A new high repetitive, compact and low cost gas discharge based EUV "lamp" has been studied as an alternative to laser-produced plasmas as EUV sources. First results using oxygen in a fast discharge of electrically stored energy around 1 J lead to a conversion efficiency of about 0. 1 per cent for the emission at 13.0 nm which is suited for the use with Mo/Si-multilayer mirrors. Using Xenon a broadband emission in the investigated wavelength range from 10 nm to 18 nm is observed. With a first version a source with 40 W electrical input power could be demonstrated that emits about 50 mW/(4pisr) around 13 nm at a repetition rate of 150 Hz. No debris and no electrode erosion was observed after more than 10 (exp 7) pulses done up to now. Making use of the remaining optimisation potential this concept seems to be promising to fulfil the requirements of extreme-ultraviolet lithography

The identification of critical facilities from the position of cybersecurity violation by the example of energy

The article describes methods for identification of critical facilities, being a significant trend in researching critical infrastructures, particularly in the energy sector. The proposed methods are focused on the investigation of the energy object state in relation to the violation of cybersecurity of its information infrastructure. The cyber threats are believed to be important contemporary threats to energy security in Russia. The proposed methods formed the basis of development information-analytical system used for monitoring of cybersecurity violations in energy sector

Региональные рудоконтролирующие структуры Урала

One of the most challenging requirements for the next generation EUV lithography is an extremely low amount of critically sized defects on mask blanks. Fast and reliable inspection of mask blanks is still a challenge. Here we present the current status of the development of our actinic Schwarzschild objective based microscope operating in dark field with EUV discharge produced plasma source. For characterization of the microscope performance, several programmed defect structures - artificial pits and bumps were created on top of multilayer mirror (ML) surfaces and investigated both with EUV microscope and atomic force microscope (AFM). Defect size sensitivity of actinic inspection in dark field mode without resolving the defects is under study. The dependency between defect shape, size and position in relation to the ML surface and its scattering signal will be discussed. Furthermore, first results of a defect mapping algorithm are presented

Особенности аппаратной реализации алгоритмов вычисления контрольной суммы CRC32

Приведено описание аппаратных реализаций матричного и табличного алгоритмов вычисления контрольной суммы CRC32 на ПЛИС Cyclone фирмы Altera макета SDK-6.1. Показаны особенности аппаратной реализации на примере описания блоков вычисления CRC32 и работоспособность спроектированных устройств на конкретных примерах

Исследование системы РЗЭ (OH)3−NH4Cl при нагревании

The temporal evolution of neon pinch plasmas, generated in a 2kJ plasma focus device, has been investigated by x-ray spectroscopic methods for two sets of device parameters. These two sets lead to characteristic differences of the K-shell emission. Stationary models are shown to fail to explain the experimental observations even qualitatively. Transient spectra analysis shows that the characteristic differences observed can be referred to different transient modes of plasma dynamics. The spectra analysis includes beside resonance lines also dielectronic satellites and recombination continua. The results concerning the development of the plasma parameters achieved by the spectra modeling are supported by independent measurements of the time resolved K-shell emission and by optical streak images of the pinch plasma dynamics, which confirms the reliability of the transient spectroscopic analysis presented

Исследование влияния давления прессования на дефектное состояние ферритовой керамики

Объектом исследования настоящей работы является LiTiZn ферритовая керамика марки 3СЧ18, спрессованная при различных давлениях прессования. Целью работы являются исследования влияния давления прессования на физические и магнитные характеристики образцов LiTiZn ферритовой керамики, изготовленных и спеченных по классической керамической технологии в лабораторных условиях. В процессе исследования были проведены расчеты плотности и пористости ферритовой керамики, спрессованной при различных режимах давления. Был определен средний размер зерен образцов. Были проведены исследования температурных зависимостей начальной магнитной проницаемости исследуемых образцов.В результате исследования было показано, что выбранные режимы давления прессования оказывают незначительное влияние на микроструктуру.The object of the present study is LiTiZn ferrite ceramics of grade 3CH18, pressed at various pressing regimes. The aim of the work is investigation the effect of pressing regimes on the physical and magnetic characteristics of LiTiZn samples of ferrite ceramics, which was made and sintered using classical ceramic technology under laboratory conditions. In the course of the study, the density and porosity of ferrite ceramics, which was compacted at various pressure regimes, were calculated. The average grain size of the samples was determined. The temperature dependences of the initial permeability of the test samples were studied. As a result of the study, it was shown that the selected pressing regimes had little effect on the microstructure

Технология транспортировки высокопарафинистых нефтей с применением депрессорных присадок

Объектом исследования являются технологии транспортировки высокопарафинстой нефти. Цель работы – анализ различных технологических решений, позволяющих улучшить перекачку высокопарафинистых нефтей. В процессе исследования рассматривались различные способы перекачки высокопарафинистых нефтей путем улучшения реологических характеристик; приведена технология, способы, параметры обработки высокопарафинистых нефтей депрессорными присадками. В результате исследования были определены положительные и отрицательные стороны различных технологий транспортировки высокопарафинистых нефтей, проанализирована технология обработки нефти депрессорной присадки, параметры обработки.The object of the research is the technology of transportation of high-paraffin oil. The purpose of the work is to analyze various technological solutions that allow improving the transmission of highly paraffinic oils. In the process of investigation, various ways of transmission highly paraffinic oils by improving rheological characteristics were considered; the technology, methods, parameters of treatment of highly paraffinic oils with depressant additives are given. As a result of the work, the positive and negative aspects of various technologies for transporting highly paraffinic oils were determined, the technology of oil treatment of the depressant additive, processing parameters were analyzed