The Relationship Between Alcohol Symptoms and Consumption Among Older Drinkers

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66310/1/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01104.x.pd

Preconditioning with Physiological Levels of Ethanol Protect Kidney against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Modulating Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress due to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent lipid peroxidation plays a critical role in renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. The purpose of current study is to demonstrate the effect of antecedent ethanol exposure on IR-induced renal injury by modulation of oxidative stress.Bilateral renal warm IR was induced in male C57BL/6 mice after ethanol or saline administration. Blood ethanol concentration, kidney function, histological damage, inflammatory infiltration, cytokine production, oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity and Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymatic activity were assessed to evaluate the impact of antecedent ethanol exposure on IR-induced renal injury.After bilateral kidney ischemia, mice preconditioned with physiological levels of ethanol displayed significantly preserved renal function along with less histological tubular damage as manifested by the reduced inflammatory infiltration and cytokine production. Mechanistic studies revealed that precondition of mice with physiological levels of ethanol 3 h before IR induction enhanced antioxidant capacity characterized by significantly higher superoxidase dismutase (SOD) activities. Our studies further demonstrated that ethanol pretreatment specifically increased ALDH2 activity, which then suppressed lipid peroxidation by promoting the detoxification of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE).Our results provide first line of evidence indicating that antecedent ethanol exposure can provide protection for kidneys against IR-induced injury by enhancing antioxidant capacity and preventing lipid peroxidation. Therefore, ethanol precondition and ectopic ALDH2 activation could be potential therapeutic approaches to prevent renal IR injury relevant to various clinical conditions

Factors associated with health related quality of life after a hip or knee total replacement, according to a gender approach

Objective: To identify the factors associated with Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL), and Symptoms and Physical Functional Disability (S&PFD) after a Hip or Knee Total Replacement, according to a gender approach. A longitudinal cohort study design is performed at “La Merced” (Osuna. Sevilla) and “Torrecárdenas” (Almería) Hospitals, via telephone interview since October 2004 to November 2006. The study included all people who underwent a hip or knee total replacement. The dependent variables were HRQL and S&PFD, both measured via short versions of the COOP/WONCA and WOMAC questionnaires.Results: 311 people were included, who were mostly women (82,63%) and 70 years old (average). The hip and knee replacement obtained an statistically significant improvement on HRQL (20,5%) and S&PFD (28,2%), with no gender difference. Five variables were associated to HRQL for Women: HRQL previous to surgery, hospital, local infection as a complication, autonomy for daily living, and marital status. All of them were associated to men, except the last two ones. About S&PFD, six variables were associated for women: HRQL and S&PFD previous to surgery, hospital, local infection as a complication, body mass index and marital status. All of them were associated to men, except the last two ones.Factors associated to improve on HRQL and S&PFD in male population are few, though they find a great explanation of the improvement. Different situation arise on female population because more factors obtained a substantially inferior explanation

Factores asociados a la calidad de vida tras una artroplastia total de cadera o rodilla, según una perspectiva de género

Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados a la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CVRS) y a la Sintomatología y Discapacidad Física (SyDF) tras una Artroplastia Total de Cadera o Rodilla, según una perspectiva de género. Estudio descriptivo longitudinal de seguimiento de cohorte realizado en los Hospitales “La Merced” (Osuna-Sevilla) y “Torrecárdenas” (Almería), mediante encuesta telefónica antes y después de una artroplastia de cadera o rodilla, desde octubre 2004 hasta noviembre de 2006. Las variables dependientes fueron: CVRS y SyDF, mediante versiones reducidas de los cuestionarios COOP/WONCA y WOMAC. Resultados: El estudio incluyó 311 personas que fueron predominantemente mujeres (82,63%) con una media de 70 años. La artroplastia total de rodilla o cadera produce una mejora estadísticamente significativa de la CVRS (20,5%) y de la SyDF (28,2%), sin diferencias por sexo. Cinco variables se asociaron a la CVRS para mujeres: CVRS previa a la cirugía, hospital, complicación: infección local, autonomía para la vida diaria y Estado civil. De ellas, las dos últimas no aparecieron asociadas en hombres. Sobre la SyDF, se asociaron seis variables para mujeres: CVRS y SyDF previas a la cirugía, hospital, complicación: infección local, índice de masa corporal, y estado civil. De las cuáles, las dos últimas no se asociaron a la SyDF en hombres. Los factores asociados a la mejora en CVRS y SyDF en hombres son poco numerosos y logran una importante explicación de la mejora. Distinta situación ocurre en la mujer que con un mayor número de ellos, se obtiene una explicación notablemente inferior. Abstract: Objective: To identify the factors associated with Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL), and Symptoms and Physical Functional Disability (S&PFD) after a Hip or Knee Total Replacement, according to a gender approach. A longitudinal cohort study design is performed at “La Merced” (Osuna. Sevilla) and “Torrecárdenas” (Almería) Hospitals, via telephone interview since October 2004 to November 2006. The study included all people who underwent a hip or knee total replacement. The dependent variables were HRQL and S&PFD, both measured via short versions of the COOP/WONCA and WOMAC questionnaires. Results: 311 people were included, who were mostly women (82,63%) and 70 years old (average). The hip and knee replacement obtained an statistically significant improvement on HRQL (20,5%) and S&PFD (28,2%), with no gender difference. Five variables were associated to HRQL for Women: HRQL previous to surgery, hospital, local infection as a complication, autonomy for daily living, and marital status. All of them were associated to men, except the last two ones. About S&PFD, six variables were associated for women: HRQL and S&PFD previous to surgery, hospital, local infection as a complication, body mass index and marital status. All of them were associated to men, except the last two ones. Factors associated to improve on HRQL and S&PFD in male population are few, though they find a great explanation of the improvement. Different situation arise on female population because more factors obtained a substantially inferior explanation. Centro de Trabajo: (1) Dr Salud Pública. Ldo Enfermería. CS San Miguel (Málaga), (2) Dr Medicina. Ldo Farmacia. EASP (Granada), (3) DUE. Dirección General de Asistencia Sanitaria. SAS (Sevilla), (4,6) DUE. H. Torrecárdenas (Almería), (5) DUE. Hospital de la Merced (Sevilla) Fecha del Trabajo: 04/11/2009 Palabra Clave: Artroplastia de Reemplazo, Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera, Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla, Calidad de Vida, Género y Salud. Key Words: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Quality of life, Gender and Health

Lymphocyte cell counts in middle age are positively associated with subsequent all-cause and cardiovascular mortality

Background: There is an association between higher white blood cell counts and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. However, little is known about the prognostic significance of circulating lymphocyte and lymphocyte subset numbers. Aims: The present study examined the association between T-, CD4-, CD8- and B-cell numbers, and the CD4:CD8 ratio, and all-cause and CVD mortality. Methods: Lymphocyte and lymphocyte subset numbers were measured by flow cytometry in a cohort of 4256 male middle-aged Vietnam-era US veterans. Mortality was tracked for 15 years and cause of death was determined from death certificates. Results: In fully adjusted survival analyses, high circulating T-cells numbers were associated with increased risk of both all-cause [hazard ratio (HR)?=?1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–2.66] and cardiovascular (HR?=?3.57, 95% CI 1.53–8.33) mortality. The former association appeared to reflect an effect for high CD8-cells numbers, the latter an effect for high CD4-cell numbers. For all-cause mortality, a high CD4:CD8 ratio was protective (HR?=?0.58, 95% CI 0.41–0.81). Cardiovascular mortality was also predicted by high B-cells numbers (HR?=?1.87, 95% CI 1.10–3.17). Conclusion: Circulating lymphocyte and lymphocyte subset numbers may have substantial prognostic significance for both all-cause and CVD mortality. <br/

Lymphocyte sub-population cell counts are associated with the metabolic syndrome and its components in the Vietnam Experience Study

Objective: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. MetS is also associated with increases in the number of circulating white blood cells. Lymphocyte sub-population counts have also been implicated in cardiovascular disease; this analysis will examine whether or not they are associated with MetS.Methods: Participants were 4255 Vietnam-era US veterans. From military service files, telephone interviews, and a medical examination, occupational, socio-demographic, and health data were collected. MetS was ascertained from: body mass index; fasting blood glucose or a diabetes medication; blood pressure or a diagnosis of hypertension; HDL cholesterol; and triglyceride levels. Circulating T, T4, T8 and B lymphocytes cell numbers were determined by flow cytometry.Results: In fully adjusted logistic regression analyses, high lymphocyte sub-population counts were associated with an increased risk of MetS: T cells, OR = 2.68, 95%CI 1.99–3.61, p &lt; .001; T4 cells, OR = 2.37, 95%CI 1.78–3.15, p &lt; .001; T8 cells, OR = 1.79, 95%CI 1.43–2.24, p &lt; .001; B cells, OR = 1.82, 95%CI 1.51–2.19, p &lt; .001. High lymphocyte sub-population numbers were also associated with an increased likelihood of possessing each of the MetS components, as well as the number of components possessed.Conclusions: These results extend previous research which has largely been confined to total white blood cell or overall lymphocyte counts. If the present associations arise in prospective research, it is possible that simple lymphocyte cell counts could provide an additional prognostic indicator of risk for MetS.<br/