Stabilization of Extra Dimensions and The Dimensionality of the Observed Space

We present a simple model for the late time stabilization of extra dimensions. The basic idea is that brane solutions wrapped around extra dimensions, which is allowed by string theory, will resist expansion due to their winding mode. The momentum modes in principle work in the opposite way. It is this interplay that leads to dynamical stabilization. We use the idea of democratic wrapping \cite{art5}-\cite{art6}, where in a given decimation of extra dimensions, all possible winding cases are considered. To simplify the study further we assumed a symmetric decimation in which the total number of extra dimensions is taken to be $Np$ where N can be called the order of the decimation. We also assumed that extra dimensions all have the topology of tori. We show that with these rather conservative assumptions, there exists solutions to the field equations in which the extra dimensions are stabilized and that the conditions do not depend on $p$. This fact means that there exists at least one solution to the asymmetric decimation case. If we denote the number of observed space dimensions (excluding time) by $m$, the condition for stabilization is $m\geq 3$ for pure Einstein gravity and $m\leq 3$ for dilaton gravity massaged by string theory parameters.Comment: Final versio

Vibrating Winding Branes, Wrapping Democracy and Stabilization of Extra Dimensions in Dilaton Gravity

We show that, in the context of dilaton gravity, a recently proposed democratic principle for intersection possibilities of branes winding around extra dimensions yield stabilization, even with the inclusion of momentum modes of the wrapped branes on top of the winding modes. The constraints for stabilization massaged by string theory inputs forces the number of observed dimensions to be three. We also discuss consequences of adding ordinary matter living in the observed dimensions.Comment: Added a section discussing the linear and non-linear stability of the equilibrium point of the scale factors of the extra dimensions. Corrected a typo in the original field equations and other typos. Added and changed references. Final version appeared in JHE

Local Wisdom Used Wildlife Behavior as Indicators of Natural Phenomenon in Maluku Small Islands

The people of Maluku, since their ancestors, have been known as a society with various social institutions which are, in fact, very appreciative of the living and non-biological natural resources around them. It has caused some historians to argue that the Maluku people are religious people oriented toward the nature surrounding their lives. The various forms of "traditional local wisdom" that are owned and still applied to this modern century have no difference. They are even more adhered to by the community regarding the conservation of living natural resources and their ecosystems. Meanwhile, the government enforces various laws and regulations but is not adequately socialized to society. In the future, challenges (Hotu mese) are already a philosophy of the Maluku people. They use it as a "Nanaku" (experience) to serve as an indicator to recognize natural phenomena and use it for their resilience to conquer the surrounding nature. This research was conducted to know the various forms of local wisdom of traditional communities in Maluku that have beneficial values for human life. The expected output of the research was that scientists can be motivated to conduct research to "answer scientific truth" to the forms of local wisdom of traditional communities, which are often judged as "sacred", "archaic", or "superstitious" for today's modern society. The Maluku people who inhabit small islands have integrated with their limited natural life. This limitation causes them to utilize all available components of living natural resources and ecosystems to fulfil their daily needs. The results showed that the local wisdom of the Maluku people can still be used to meet the needs of ecologists and the general public in carrying out activities in the wild, both in the forest and at sea, so as not to experience unwanted things

Wildlife Bio-Geography on Mangrove Communities in Saparua Island, Maluku

On the island of Nusalaut, an orange crested white cockatoo (Cacatua moluccensis) was found. The interviews with several community leaders from the island of Nusalaut, including Raja Negeri Sila, reveal that there have been no Cacatua moluccensis birds in recent years worldwide Nusalaut. it is predicted that the Cacatua moluccensis bird has moved to Saparua island as the closest island. This bird is no longer found because of changes in the forest's structure and composition into agricultural land for cloves (Eugenia aromatica) because it does not need shade trees. The mangrove community along the coast of the island of Saparua for the last few years has experienced various pressures of development dynamics that have disrupted their lives. Therefore, at the same time, they impact the activities of wildlife that use them as habitat. This research was conducted by applying direct and indirect survey methods to determine the types and distribution of the mangrove community's wildlife inhabitants, both permanently and temporally. Seven species of mammals use the mangrove communities in Saparua Bay, Haria Bay and Tuhaha Bay, nine reptile species, and 18 species of birds

Stabilization of Extra Dimensions at Tree Level

By considering the effects of string winding and momentum modes on a time dependent background, we find a method by which six compact dimensions become stabilized naturally at the self-dual radius while three dimensions grow large.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures, minor typos correcte

Thomas-Fermi-Poisson theory of screening for latterally confined and unconfined two-dimensional electron systems in strong magnetic fields

We examine within the self-consistent Thomas-Fermi-Poisson approach the low-temperature screening properties of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) subjected to strong perpendicular magnetic fields. Numerical results for the unconfined 2DEG are compared with those for a simplified Hall bar geometry realized by two different confinement models. It is shown that in the strongly non-linear screening limit of zero temperature the total variation of the screened potential is related by simple analytical expressions to the amplitude of an applied harmonic modulation potential and to the strength of the magnetic field.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figure

PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS MASYARAKAT TRADISIONAL DALAM MENGGUNAKAN PERILAKU SATWALIAR SEBAGAI INDIKATOR PHENOMENA ALAM

Indigenous peoples who have lived in the Maluku Islands since their ancestors have applied various forms of local wisdom to the conservation of natural resources and the environment around them. As coastal communities who live on small islands separated by the sea, there are various limitations, especially communication and transportation which are determined by the season. The community seeks to know the dynamics of natural changes through various life experiences known as NANAKU. The layout of the island greatly determines the application of a local wisdom, so that what is done by the people in the Southeast Maluku Regency is different from on the islands of Seram or Buru Island. The wildlife on Seram Island and Buru Island are different from the endemic wildlife on the Aru Islands. The problems faced by small island communities are transportation, communication of science and technology. Wildlife as God's creation must be guarded and protected from extinction because it has important benefits for our lives. Wildlife can be used as an indicator (Nanaku) to find out natural phenomena around us. The role of foresters and ecotourists in motivating rural communities is needed so that environmental components, especially wildlife, can be put to good use

Origins of Chevron Rollovers in Non-Two-State Protein Folding Kinetics

Chevron rollovers of some proteins imply that their logarithmic folding rates are nonlinear in native stability. This is predicted by lattice and continuum G\=o models to arise from diminished accessibilities of the ground state from transiently populated compact conformations under strongly native conditions. Despite these models' native-centric interactions, the slowdown is due partly to kinetic trapping caused by some of the folding intermediates' nonnative topologies. Notably, simple two-state folding kinetics of small single-domain proteins are not reproduced by common G\=o-like schemes.Comment: 10 pages, 4 Postscript figures (will appear on PRL