Low power FIR filter design using Graph Based Algorithm

Digital filters are a very important part of DSP. In fact, their efficient performance is one of the key reasons that DSP has become so popular. In this paper, we designed an FIR filter using graph based algorithm. Common Sub expression Elimination (CSE) algorithm has a drawback that, it defines the constant in number representation such as CSD (or) MSD, binary. But, when implementing Graph Based (GB) algorithm, it is not restricted to any number of representation of constant. By reducing the height of the tree structure, the numbers of adders are reduced. It reduces the area and power than existing one. The implementation of GB Algorithm is done by Verilog. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15036

Effectiveness of Reminiscence Therapy on levels of depression among elderly at old age home, Poigai, Vellore.

Aging is not a disease, but the final stage of normal life. The three common ways of understanding old age are physiological, psychological and socio-cultural. Failure to adapt can result in bitterness, inner withdrawal and depression. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Effectiveness of reminiscence therapy on levels of Depression among elderly at old age home, Poigai Vellore.The conclusions of the study findings shows most of the elderly in old age home have reduction in depression level by reminiscence therapy. There is a significant reduction in levels of depression after Reminiscence therapy among elderly in old age home. Hence Hypothesis H1 is accepted. There is a significant association between post test and selected demographic variables like educational status, physical illness, duration of stay in old age home, monthly allowance/pension in INR, frequency of family visits hence H2 is also accepted

New Historicism and Cultural Materialism in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Novels

One of the major schools of thought in anthropology is cultural materialism.  It's a relatively new area in anthropology.  It raises people's standards of conduct in public. British critic Graham Holderness described "Cultural Materialism" as a "politicised form of histography," or the study of historical material within a political framework. There are those who feel the economics and technology play a crucial role in improving society, and this is a fundamental tenet of cultural materialism. First used by Marvin Harris in his book The Rise of Anthropology (1968), the phrase "cultural materialism" has now entered the common lexicon. In her fiction, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie depicts strong, independent women who aggressively oppose the patriarchal systems that hold them back. Education, Adichie argues, is a powerful force for changing one's life and moving forward in the world. The women in Adichie's books work hard to educate themselves so that they may participate fully in their communities and question established standards. Adichie's depiction of historical power conflicts, which are mostly fought by men, reflects a universal desire to be at the top. Throughout history, men have exploited their superior numbers and abilities to define cultural ideals and keep themselves in positions of leadership. Because of this, women are oppressed and repressed; they have less access to resources like education and employment. Adichie's female protagonists, however, do not passively accept these restrictions, and they use knowledge to liberate themselves from them. They want to dismantle stereotypical gender norms and expectations by gaining independence via education. Adichie's depiction of women's liberation via education emphasises the value of education and individual agency in breaking down social obstacles. In addition, Adichie's works illuminate the disastrous nature of power conflicts by probing their complexit

Pulmonary hypertension in pregnancy

Pulmonary hypertension is defined as an increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) ≥25 mmHg at rest as assessed by right heart catheterisation. Pulmonary hypertension in pregnancy is known to be associated with significantly high morbidity and mortality rate which ranges between 30% and 56%. So during pregnancy, efforts to be made to diagnose common medical ailments that can be complicated by pulmonary hypertension. Bedside 2D Echo and thoracic ultrasound are the strongly recommended in these patients to diagnose early and prevent the devastating complications. Relevant blood investigations need to be sent to diagnose the underlying etiology and to assess the prognosis. Cardiac catheterization is the gold standard investigation of choice for pulmonary hypertension. But it is 1 performed in very few cardiac centres in developing countries. In India diagnosis largely depends on echocardiography. It should be made clear to women at the time of their PAH diagnosis that pregnancy is not recommended due to the high maternal and fetal risks. If a woman with known PHT become pregnant, counselling should be given for therapeutic abortion. If they are willing for therapeutic abortion, it should be done before 22 weeks of gestation. All women with PHT should be initiated on PAH specific therapies (prostanoids, ccbs, phosphodiesterase inhibitors) except endothelin receptor blockers as it is teratogenic. Pregnancy in PAH is difficult to manage and needs mutidisciplanary team. Pregnancy is not recommended in women with PAH and appropriate counselling to be done to the mother and their relatives.

A Hierarchical Approach to Node Localization Based on Fuzzy System to Increase Network Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks

Energy efficiency is of utmost importance in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). A WSN that lives long proves to be more worthy for the effort and cost involved in establishing the network. The standards and protocols in aWSN are expected to be economical in their energy usage. Localization is one such important area, where much contribution has been made by the researchers to improve the accuracy and not much in increasing their energy efficiency. In this work, a hierarchical approach to increase energy efficiency during localization has been proposed. Existing localization approaches, irrespective of the node’s remaining energy levels, use a common strategy for all the nodes. To balance the energy usage among nodes, the proposed algorithm uses different strategies based on current energy level. Clustering is performed as part of localization and the cluster heads also serve as localization heads for their cluster members. Range estimation is done using fuzzy system and localization is performed by genetic simulated annealing. Simulation has been carried out in NS2 and th

Heart Disease Analysis System Using Data Mining Techniques

ABSTRACT-Data mining is an iterative progress in which evolution is defined by detection, through usual or manual methods. Knowledge discovery and data mining have found various applications in scientific domain Heart disease is a term for defining a huge amount of healthcare conditions that are related to the heart. This medicinal condition defines the unpredicted health conditions that directly control all the parts of the heart. Different data mining techniques such as association rule mining, classification, clustering are used to predict the heart disease in health care industry .The heart disease database is preprocessed to make the mining process more efficient. The preprocessed data is clustered using clustering algorithms like K-means to cluster relevant data in database. Maximal Frequent Itemset Algorithm (MAFIA) is used for mining maximal frequent patterns in heart disease database. The frequent patterns can be classified using C4.5 algorithm as training algorithm using the concept of information entropy. The results showed that the designed prediction system is capable of predicting the heart attack with good accuracy

Exploring the Determinants of Groundwater Exploitation Among Indian Districts

The annual groundwater draft of India is the largest in the world as of 2020. The agricultural sector alone consumes about 89 per cent of groundwater draft. Besides providing assured irrigation, groundwater has significantly helped increase the cropping intensity, productivity and production of crops. But, due to the continuous exploitation of groundwater, not only has the water level been depleted but the cost of water has increased. An attempt is made in this study to find out the determinants of groundwater exploitation by taking data from 235 Indian districts drawn from different states covering two-time periods namely 1990-93 and 2017-20. The study indicated that the number of districts exploiting groundwater more than 50 per cent to its annual recharge has increased from 21 per cent in 1990-93 to 69 per cent in 2017-20. The regression analysis shows that the average size of holding is the most important factor in positively influencing groundwater exploitation, whereas the percentage of surface irrigated area to net irrigated area negatively and significantly influences the groundwater exploitation. The analysis also suggests that the impact of these two variables in determining groundwater exploitation have increased significantly over time