8 research outputs found
Neanderthal Use of Fish, Mammals, Birds, Starchy Plants and Wood 125-250,000 Years Ago
Neanderthals are most often portrayed as big game hunters who derived the vast majority of their diet from large terrestrial herbivores while birds, fish and plants are seen as relatively unimportant or beyond the capabilities of Neanderthals. Although evidence for exploitation of other resources (small mammals, birds, fish, shellfish, and plants) has been found at certain Neanderthal sites, these are typically dismissed as unusual exceptions. The general view suggests that Neanderthal diet may broaden with time, but that this only occurs sometime after 50,000 years ago. We present evidence, in the form of lithic residue and use-wear analyses, for an example of a broad-based subsistence for Neanderthals at the site of Payre, Ardèche, France (beginning of MIS 5/end of MIS 6 to beginning of MIS 7/end of MIS 8; approximately 125–250,000 years ago). In addition to large terrestrial herbivores, Neanderthals at Payre also exploited starchy plants, birds, and fish. These results demonstrate a varied subsistence already in place with early Neanderthals and suggest that our ideas of Neanderthal subsistence are biased by our dependence on the zooarchaeological record and a deep-seated intellectual emphasis on big game hunting
Lexicographic
In the last decade, several robustness approaches have been
developed to deal with uncertainty. In decision problems, and
particularly in location problems, the most used robustness
approach rely either on maximal cost or on maximal regret
criteria. However, it is well known that these criteria are too
conservative. In this paper, we present a new robustness approach,
called lexicographic α-robustness, which compensates
for the drawbacks of criteria based on the worst case. We apply
this approach to the 1-median location problem under uncertainty
on node weights and we give a specific algorithm to determine
robust solutions in the case of a tree. We also show that this
algorithm can be extended to the case of a general network