319 research outputs found

    Structural holes, innovation and the distribution of ideas

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    We model knowledge diffusion in a population of agents situated on a network, interacting only over direct ties. Some agents are by nature traders, others are by nature "givers": traders demand a quid pro quo for information transfer; givers do not. We are interested in efficiency of diffusion and explore the interplay between the structure of the population (proportion of traders), the network structure (clustering, path length and degree distribution), and the scarcity of knowledge. We find that at the global level, trading (as opposed to giving) reduces efficiency. At the individual level, highly connected agents do well when knowledge is scarce, agents in clustered neighbourhoods do well when it is abundant. The latter finding is connected to the debate on structural holes and social capital

    Network structure and the diffusion of knowledge

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    Fits and misfits: technological matching and R&D networks

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    Networks as emergent structures from bilateral collaboration

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    In this paper we model the formation of innovation networks as they emerge from bilateral actions. The e.ectiveness of a bilateral collaboration is determined by cognitive, relational and structural embeddedness. Innovation results from the recombination of knowledge held by the partners to the collaboration, and the extent to which agents ’ knowledge complement each others is an issue of cognitive embeddedness. Previous collaborations (relational embeddedness) increase the probability of a successful collaboration; as does information gained from common third parties (structural embeddedness). As a result of repeated alliance formation, a network emerges whose properties are studied, together with those of the process of knowledge creation. Two features are central to the innovation process: how agents pool their knowledge resources; and how agents derive information about potential partners. We focus on the interplay between these two dimensions, and find that they both matter. The networks that emerge are not random, but in certain parts of the parameter space have properties of small worlds

    Evolving networks of inventors

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    Observations sur la reproduction artificielle de l'ombre commun (Thymallus thymallus)

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    National audienceVarious observations and results of experiments carried out in the hatchery of the "Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche" in Augerolles are presented, concerning the technics of artificials pawning adapted to the physiology of grayling . It is shown that th e physiological characteristics are nearly t he same as those of brown trout . Nevertheless highs ensitivity to low temperatures reduces the speed of the finaloocyte maturation. These observations and experiments lead the authors to give practical recommendations.Diverses observations et résultats d'expériences réalisées à la Salmoniculture du Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche à Augerolles sont présentés, concernant les techniques de reproduction artificielle adaptées à la physiologie de l'Ombre commun. Les caractéristiques physiologiques mises en évidence sont proches de celles de la Truite avec cependant une sensibilité accrue aux basses températures , qui peuvent ralentir très fortement la fin de la maturation ovocytaire. Ces observations et expériences conduisent les auteurs à formuler un certain nombre de conseils pratiques

    Diversidad y composición de murciélagos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) en el municipio de Acandí, Chocó - Colombia

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    In the framework of the CTel application project for the improvement of the timber sector in the department of Chocó, the diversity and composition of the bat community in the municipality of Acandí, department of Chocó, was determined – Colombia, Samplings were carried out with fog nets during 16 days of March 2016, in an intervened forest area. A total of 39 individuals were registered, grouped into three families, three subfamilies, nine genera and 13 species, samplings were carried out with fog nets during 16 days of March 2016, in an intervened forest area. A total of 39 individuals were registered, grouped into three families, three subfamilies, nine genera and 13 species. The Phyllostomidae family was the best represented with 82.05% of the collected individuals and ten species. At the same time the Stenodermatinae subfamily was the most abundant and diverse representing 59% (n = 23) with five genera and eight species. At the Urodela convexum species level, Carollia perspicillata and Artibeus lituratus were the most abundant with 46.2% of the total individuals registered in this study. Of the three trophic guilds found, the frugivore with 76.92% (n = 30) was the best represented. This study provides a new record of the hairy-legged bat Diphylla ecaudata for the Colombian Chocó-Biogeographical region, and broadens the geographic distribution known for the species in Colombia. This research demonstrates the need to systematically study regions that provide important data on the bat community in Colombia.En el marco del proyecto aplicación de la CTel para el mejoramiento del sector maderero en el departamento del Chocó, se determinó la diversidad y composición de la comunidad de murciélagos en el municipio de Acandí, departamento del Chocó – Colombia, se realizaron muestreos con redes de niebla durante 16 días del mes marzo de 2016, en una zona de bosque intervenido. Un total 39 individuos fueron registrados, agrupados en tres familias, tres subfamilias, nueve géneros y 13 especies. La familia Phyllostomidae fue la mejor representada con el 82,05% de los individuos colectados y diez especies. Al mismo tiempo la subfamilia Stenodermatinae fue la más abundante y diversa representando un 59% (n=23) con cinco géneros y ocho especies. A nivel de especies Urodela convexum, Carollia perspicillata y Artibeus lituratus fueron las más abundantes con el 46,2% del total de los individuos registrados en este estudio. De los tres gremios tróficos encontrados el frugívoro con un 76,92% (n=30), fue el mejor representado. Este estudio aporta un nuevo registro del murciélago de patas peludas Diphylla ecaudata para la región del Chocó-Biogeográfico colombiano, y amplía la distribución geográfica conocida para la especie en Colombia. Esta investigación evidencia la necesidad de estudiar sistemáticamente regiones que aportan datos importantes sobre la comunidad de murciélagos en Colombia

    Nuevo registro de Imantodes chocoensis (squamata: dipsadidae) en el Chocó biogeográfico Colombiano

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    Con el fin de clarificar estados taxonómicos asociados al género Imantodes en la Colección Científica de Referencia Zoológica del Chocó-Herpetología de la Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó, se efectuó una revisión de 36 ejemplares depositados en ella. Se determinaron cuatro especies con duda taxonómica, I. cenchoa, I. inornatus, I. lentiferus, e I. chocoensis; está última constituye unnuevo registro adicional para el Chocó biogeográfico colombiano, con base en dos ejemplares colectados en zonas de bosques pluvial tropical (bp-T) correspondiente a los corregimiento de Pacurita, municipio de Quibdó y Samurindó, municipio del Atrato. Se precisa entonces la distribución de la especie, a pesar de que estudiosprevios mencionan su presencia en la región pero sin localidad precisa en el departamento del Chocó (Quibdó). Adicionalmente, se discuten algunos aspectos sobre su estado de conservación

    Reporte del vampiro de patas peludas Diphylla ecaudata Spix, 1823 (Chiroptera: Desmodontinae) para el Chocó biogeográfico colombiano

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    It is reported a new record of the hairy-legged vampire Diphylla ecaudata (SPIX, 1823) in the Choco region of Colombia, of which are known only few studies in the country, registered in the departments of Magdalena (1900), Vaupés (1966), Meta (1970), Caquetá (1999) y Amazonas (2016). This registry is based on two specimens that were properly analyzed and due to its curiosity, discusses the available information on this species in the country in terms of its distribution and ecology, based on specimens in collections and existing reports. This log helps fill a void of the known geographic distribution of the species in the country deposited in the Teriologica Scientific Collection Research Group on Management and Wildlife Management of the Chocó of the Technological University of Chocó (ColTer-Choco). This report extends the geographic distribution until the department of Choco, in contraendose to 464.794 km some of the record closest in Magdalena, adding the Tropical Dry Forest Ecosystem (BST) to habitats that occurred for the species. Due to its curiosity, discusses the available information on this species in the country in terms of its distribution and ecology, based on specimens in collections and existing reports. This log helps fill a void of the known geographic distribution of the species in the country.Se reporta un nuevo registro del vampiro de patas peludas Diphylla ecaudata (SPIX, 1823) en el Chocó Biogeográfico colombiano, del que solo se conocen pocos estudios en el país, registrada en los departamentos de Magdalena (1900), Vaupés (1966), Meta (1970), Caquetá (1999), Casanare (2013) y Amazonas (2016). Este registro se basa en dos especímenes que fueron debidamente analizados y depositados en la Colección Científica Teriológica del Grupo de Investigación en Manejo y Gestion de la Vida Silvestre del Chocó de la Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó (ColTer-Chocó). Este reporte amplía la distribución geográfica hasta el departamento del Chocó, en contraendose a 464.794 km aproximadamente del registro más cercano en el Magdalena, adicionando el ecosistema Bosque Seco Tropical (BST) a los hábitats ocurridos por la especie. Debido a su curiosidad, se discute la información disponible sobre esta especie en el país en términos de su distribución y ecología, a partir de ejemplares en colecciones y reportes existentes. Este registro ayuda a llenar un vacío de la distribución geográfica conocida de la especie en el país
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