41,809 research outputs found
Disjoining pressure of planar adsorbed films
Frumkin-Derjaguin theory of interfacial phase transitions and in particular
the concept of the disjoining pressure of a planar adsorbed film is reviewed
and then discussed in terms of statistical mechanical formulations of
interfacial phase transitions beyond mean-field.Comment: 11 pages including the two figure
Renormalized Path Integral in Quantum Mechanics
We obtain direct, finite, descriptions of a renormalized quantum mechanical
system with no reference to ultraviolet cutoffs and running coupling constants,
in both the Hamiltonian and path integral pictures. The path integral
description requires a modification to the Wiener measure on continuous paths
that describes an unusual diffusion process wherein colliding particles
occasionally stick together for a random interval of time before going their
separate ways.Comment: 13 pgs, plain TEX fil
Solitons in a Bilocal Field Theory
We obtain a bilocal classical field theory as the large limit of the
chiral Gross--Neveu (or non--abelian Thirring) model. Exact classical solutions
that describe topological solitons are obtained. It is shown that their mass
spectrum agrees with the large limit of the spectrum of the chiral
Gross--Neveu model.Comment: Tex, 18 pages, no figure
Renormalized Contact Potential in Two Dimensions
We obtain for the attractive Dirac delta-function potential in
two-dimensional quantum mechanics a renormalized formulation that avoids
reference to a cutoff and running coupling constant. Dimensional transmutation
is carried out before attempting to solve the system, and leads to an
interesting eigenvalue problem in N-2 degrees of freedom (in the center of
momentum frame) when there are N particles. The effective Hamiltonian for N-2
particles has a nonlocal attractive interaction, and the Schrodinger equation
becomes an eigenvalue problem for the logarithm of this Hamiltonian. The 3-body
case is examined in detail, and in this case a variational estimate of the
ground-state energy is given.Comment: Plain Te
Non-analytic curvature contributions to solvation free energies: influence of drying
We investigate the solvation of a hard spherical cavity, of radius ,
immersed in a fluid for which the interparticle forces are short ranged. For
thermodynamic states lying close to the liquid binodal, where the chemical
potential deviation is very small and
positive, complete wetting by gas (drying) occurs and two regimes of
interfacial behavior can be identified. These are characterized by the length
scale , where
is the planar gas-liquid surface tension and
is the difference in coexisting densities at temperature . For , the
interfacial free energy and the density profile of the fluid near the hard wall
can be expanded in powers of the curvature , in keeping with the
analysis of Stillinger and Cotter, J. Chem. Phys. {\bf 55}, 3449 (1971). In the
other regime, , the interfacial free energy and its derivatives acquire
terms depending on . Since can be made arbitrarily small this
implies non-analytic behavior, as , of the work of formation of a
hard spherical cavity and of the Gibbs adsorption and the fluid density at
contact with the wall. Our analysis, which is based on an effective interfacial
Hamiltonian combined with exact statistical mechanical sum rules, is confirmed
fully by the results of microscopic density functional calculations for a
square-well fluid.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures; accepted for publication in J. Chem. Phy
Sedimentation of a two-dimensional colloidal mixture exhibiting liquid-liquid and gas-liquid phase separation: a dynamical density functional theory study
We present dynamical density functional theory results for the time evolution
of the density distribution of a sedimenting model two-dimensional binary
mixture of colloids. The interplay between the bulk phase behaviour of the
mixture, its interfacial properties at the confining walls, and the
gravitational field gives rise to a rich variety of equilibrium and
non-equilibrium morphologies. In the fluid state, the system exhibits both
liquid-liquid and gas-liquid phase separation. As the system sediments, the
phase separation significantly affects the dynamics and we explore situations
where the final state is a coexistence of up to three different phases. Solving
the dynamical equations in two-dimensions, we find that in certain situations
the final density profiles of the two species have a symmetry that is different
from that of the external potentials, which is perhaps surprising, given the
statistical mechanics origin of the theory. The paper concludes with a
discussion on this
A comparison of measured and theoretical predictions for STS ascent and entry sonic booms
Sonic boom measurements have been obtained during the flights of STS-1 through 5. During STS-1, 2, and 4, entry sonic boom measurements were obtained and ascent measurements were made on STS-5. The objectives of this measurement program were (1) to define the sonic boom characteristics of the Space Transportation System (STS), (2) provide a realistic assessment of the validity of xisting theoretical prediction techniques, and (3) establish a level of confidence for predicting future STS configuration sonic boom environments. Detail evaluation and reporting of the results of this program are in progress. This paper will address only the significant results, mainly those data obtained during the entry of STS-1 at Edwards Air Force Base (EAFB), and the ascent of STS-5 from Kennedy Space Center (KSC). The theoretical prediction technique employed in this analysis is the so called Thomas Program. This prediction technique is a semi-empirical method that required definition of the near field signatures, detailed trajectory characteristics, and the prevailing meteorological characteristics as an input. This analytical procedure then extrapolates the near field signatures from the flight altitude to an altitude consistent with each measurement location
The first total synthesis of (+)-mucosin
The first total synthesis of (+)-mucosin has been completed allowing assignment of the absolute stereochemistry of the natural product. A zirconium induced co-cyclisation was utilised to install the correct stereochemistry of the four contiguous stereocentres around the unusual bicyclo[4.3.0]nonene core
Results of the flight noise measurement program using a standard and modified SH-3A helicopter
A field noise measurement program has been conducted using both a standard SH-3A helicopter and an SH-3A helicopter modified to reduce external noise levels. Modifications included reducing rotor speed, increasing the number of rotor blades, modifying the blade-tip shapes, and acoustically treating the engine air intakes and exhaust. The purpose of this study was to document the noise characteristics recorded on the ground of each helicopter during flyby, hover, landing, and take-off operations. Based on an analysis of the measured results, the average of the overhead, overall, ontrack noise levels was approximately 4 db lower for the modified helicopter than for the standard helicopter. The improved in-flight noise characteristics, and associated small footprint areas and time durations, were judged to be mainly due to tail-rotor noise reductions. The noise reductions were obtained at the expense of required power increases at airspeeds greater than 70 knots for the modified helicopter
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