5,679 research outputs found
Aerodynamic design for improved manueverability by use of three-dimensional transonic theory
Improvements in transonic maneuver performance by the use of three-dimensional transonic theory and a transonic design procedure were examined. The FLO-27 code of Jameson and Caughey was used to design a new wing for a fighter configuration with lower drag at transonic maneuver conditions. The wing airfoil sections were altered to reduce the upper-surface shock strength by means of a design procedure which is based on the iterative application of the FLO-27 code. The plan form of the fighter configuration was fixed and had a leading edge sweep of 45 deg and an aspect ratio of 3.28. Wind-tunnel tests were conducted on this configuration at Mach numbers from 0.60 to 0.95 and angles of attack from -2 deg to 17 deg. The transonic maneuver performance of this configuration was evaluated by comparison with a wing designed by empirical methods and a wing designed primarily by two-dimensional transonic theory. The configuration designed by the use of FLO-27 had the same or lower drag than the empirical wing and, for some conditions, lower drag than the two-dimensional design. From some maneuver conditions, the drag of the two-dimensional design was somewhat lower
Simulation-Based Assessment of a Full-Scale Installed Quiet Landing Gear
Full-scale simulations of a Gulfstream G-III aircraft, performed in support of the NASA Acoustic Research Measurements flights, are presented to complement results discussed in earlier studies. The flow solver employed in those studies, Dassault Systmes lattice Boltzmann PowerFLOW, was also used during this investigation to conduct time-dependent simulations of the entire aircraft in landing configuration with a fully dressed landing gear. The high-fidelity simulations, performed at a Mach number of 0.23 and a Reynolds number of 10.5 106 based on mean aerodynamic chord, captured all relevant airframe noise sources. The computations were used to assess the aeroacoustic performance of the main landing gear, with and without noise reduction fairings installed, of a G-III aircraft equipped with Adaptive Compliant Trailing Edge technology and conventional Fowler flaps. To facilitate comparison of predicted noise signatures with effective perceived noise levels obtained from flight test measurements, the as-flown nose landing gear geometry, missing in our earlier studies, was added to the simulated G-III aircraft configurations. The high fidelity, synthetic data were post-processed using a Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings integral approach to estimate farfield acoustic behavior, with pressures on the model solid surface or pressure and velocity components on a permeable surface enveloping the acoustic near field used as input
The Age Context of Performance Evaluation Decisions
Organizational demography contends that demographic characteristics of individuals, examined at individual, dyadic, group, and organizational levels of analysis, exert significant effects on organizational processes. The purpose of this paper was to test the contextual effects created by the interaction of work group age composition and supervisor age on supervisor evaluations of subordinate performance. Two competing models of age demography were tested. The similarity model predicts that supervisors similar in age to the work group they supervise will issue generally higher performance ratings. The dissimilarity model developed in this paper predicts the opposite. Support was indicated for the dissimilarity model. Implications of the results are discussed
Multi-frequency fine resolution imaging radar instrumentation and data acquisition
Development of a dual polarized L-band radar imaging system to be used in conjunction with the present dual polarized X-band radar is described. The technique used called for heterodyning the transmitted frequency from X-band to L-band and again heterodyning the received L-band signals back to X-band for amplification, detection, and recording
Identifying market opportunities for urban and peri-urban farmers in Kampala, Uganda
Kampala, the capital city of Uganda, has a population of approximately 1.2 million inhabitants that is growing at a rate of over 3.9 % per year. The growth of the city represents a large expansion in markets for agricultural products. Many of these markets offer comparative advantages to producers and processors located in or close to the city. Agriculture is widely practiced both within the municipal boundaries and peri-urban areas. In 1992, it was estimated that 56 % of land in the city was used for agriculture. The purpose of the study is to identify a portfolio of agricultural products with market demand, whose production is technically and economically feasible by urban and peri-urban farmers. The study has involved the following steps: a) a participatory rapid urban appraisal, b) a rapid market study, and c) an evaluation of the most promising options for urban and peri-urban farmers. This paper describes the methodology used and results obtained in the first two steps. The evaluation and selection of most promising options is on going. The rapid urban appraisal indicated that the most important commodities that farmers produce for sale are broilers, eggs, milk, pigs and pork, fruit (mango, avocado, jackfruit and paw paw), mushroom
A biophysical model of prokaryotic diversity in geothermal hot springs
Recent field investigations of photosynthetic bacteria living in geothermal
hot spring environments have revealed surprisingly complex ecosystems, with an
unexpected level of genetic diversity. One case of particular interest involves
the distribution along hot spring thermal gradients of genetically distinct
bacterial strains that differ in their preferred temperatures for reproduction
and photosynthesis. In such systems, a single variable, temperature, defines
the relevant environmental variation. In spite of this, each region along the
thermal gradient exhibits multiple strains of photosynthetic bacteria adapted
to several distinct thermal optima, rather than the expected single thermal
strain adapted to the local environmental temperature. Here we analyze
microbiology data from several ecological studies to show that the thermal
distribution field data exhibit several universal features independent of
location and specific bacterial strain. These include the distribution of
optimal temperatures of different thermal strains and the functional dependence
of the net population density on temperature. Further, we present a simple
population dynamics model of these systems that is highly constrained by
biophysical data and by physical features of the environment. This model can
explain in detail the observed diversity of different strains of the
photosynthetic bacteria. It also reproduces the observed thermal population
distributions, as well as certain features of population dynamics observed in
laboratory studies of the same organisms
Finding LoTSS of hosts for GRBs: a search for galaxy - gamma-ray burst coincidences at low frequencies with LOFAR
The LOFAR Two-Metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) is an invaluable new tool for
investigating the properties of sources at low frequencies and has helped to
open up the study of galaxy populations in this regime. In this work, we
perform a search for host galaxies of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We use the
relative density of sources in Data Release 2 of LoTSS to define the
probability of a chance alignment, , and find 18 sources
corresponding to 17 GRBs which meet a <1% criterion. We examine
the nature and properties of these radio sources using both LOFAR data and
broadband information, including their radio spectral index, star formation
rate estimates and any contributions from active galactic nucleus emission.
Assuming the radio emission is dominated by star formation, we find that our
sources show high star formation rates (- yr)
compared with both a field galaxy sample and a sample of core-collapse
supernova hosts, and the majority of putative hosts are consistent with
ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) classifications. As a result of our
analyses, we define a final sample of eight likely GRB host candidates in the
LoTSS DR2 survey.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures and 6 tables. Accepted by MNRA
Molecular and mass spectroscopic analysis of isotopically labeled organic residues
Experimental studies aimed at understanding the evolution of complex organic molecules on interstellar grains were performed. The photolysis of frozen gas mixtures of various compositions containing H2O, CO, NH3, and CH4 was studied. These species were chosen because of their astrophysical importance as deducted from observational as well as theoretical studies of ice mantles on interstellar grains. These ultraviolet photolyzed ices were warmed up in order to produce refractory organic molecules like the ones formed in molecular clouds when the icy mantles are being irradiated and warmed up either by a nearby stellar source or impulsive heating. The laboratory studies give estimates of the efficiency of production of such organic material under interstellar conditions. It is shown that the gradual carbonization of organic mantles in the diffuse cloud phase leads to higher and higher visual absorptivity - yellow residues become brown in the laboratory. The obtained results can be applied to explaining the organic components of comets and their relevance to the origin of life
Scenario selection method for system scenario analysis
Scenario analysis is a frequently-used method to explore what a proposed system is required to do in the early phases of system development leading towards finding system requirements. A system which is intended to perform a variety of roles under a range of conditions is likely to result in the need for a quantity of scenarios that becomes intractably pluriform. The consequence of too many scenarios is that either the number of scenarios to be analysed must be reduced to a manageable number or the analysis is likely to be perfunctory, diminishing the value of the analysis. We present a method for reducing the number of scenarios to be analysed through study of the organization of the factors which distinguish scenarios from each other, and for selecting which scenarios need analysis through identifying their points of commonality and identifying where differences may impact system capability. Our method organises the types and potential values of factors related to a particular system development in order to reduce the number of scenarios to be investigate
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