Detecting self-experienced accounts using the Aberdeen Report Judgment Scales.

The detection of truthful statements has been investigated over the years using physiological, nonverbal and verbal cues. Researchers have been trying to establish what method of detection is most reliable, with contradictory evidence being found both for and against each of these methods of truth detection. The Aberdeen Report Judgment Scales (ARJS) enable the verbal content of a statement to be assessed using specific criteria thought to be indicative of a self-experienced account. Two experiments were carried out to investigate the ability of the ARJS criteria. Experiment la consisted of 48 accounts of either a pleasant or an unpleasant evening dinner. Half of the accounts were true while the other half were false. Those using the criteria, along with outcome feedback, were expected to rate self-experienced accounts as more credible than transformed accounts in comparison to those participants who did not receive guidance. No significant differences in credibility ratings were found between conditions or in relation to truth status. Experiment lb consisted of 60 accounts of an overnight military officers training exercise. Again, half the accounts were self-experienced while the remaining accounts were invented. Within these two conditions, half of the account tellers had been given a short preparation time while the other half had been given a long preparation time before presenting their accounts. In addition, the effects of feedback on credibility ratings were investigated. A significant difference was found for credibility ratings of self-experienced and invented accounts in the short preparation condition only. No differences were found between groups. These findings, along with the implications they have on use of the ARJS scales are discussed and modifications to the present research are suggested

Successful ageing : perceptions of adults aged between 70 and 101 years

In this research, content analysis was employed to investigate older adults\u27 perceptions of successful aging and the relationship of these perceptions to definitions given in the literature to date. Participants were 18 males and 42 females between the ages of 70 and 101 years. Analyses revealed older adults mentioned only 1 or 2 criteria of successful aging if asked for a definition; however, when prompted, they rated almost all the criteria emerging from the literature as highly important. Participants reported adjusting to the situations they were in by compensating for losses that occurred and selecting activities that best suited their capabilities. Overall, older adults\u27 perceptions of successful aging were similar to aspects identified in the literature. Not all aspects, however, were seen as important by all participants, and only low to moderate correlations were found between some aspects of successful aging. (Contains 3 figures and 4 tables.)<br /

Career patterns of U.S. male academic social scientists

Seventy-four U.S. male academic social scientists provided career stage data. All were born between 1893 and 1903. The subjects were divided into four groups on the basis of their scholarly article productivity after age 59. Spilerman's conceptualization of work history guided the analysis. To a lesser extent, adult development theory (e.g., Hall and Nougaim, 1968) was also examined.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/42843/1/10734_2004_Article_BF00139794.pd

Exploring psychological need satisfaction from gambling participation and the moderating influence of game preferences

Psychological needs are satisfied through leisure participation, which in turn influences subjective well-being. The present study explored the psychological needs reported to be satisfied through gambling participation and examined associations between need satisfaction, game preferences and subjective well-being. A heterogeneous, self-selected sample of 1446 participants was recruited, through the Internet gambling provider Kindred Group Plc, for an online questionnaire survey. Five psychological need dimensions of gambling were identified, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on calibration and validation samples, respectively: mastery, detachment, self-affirmation, risk and excitement, and affiliation. Challenge and mastery need satisfaction was higher for poker than for sports betting, horse racing, slots or casino table games; both self-affirmation and affiliation were also higher for poker than for sports betting and slots. By comparison, detachment was higher for slots than for sports gambling. While there were no significant variations in stress levels between the different forms of gambling, happiness ratings were lower for slots compared with sports betting and poker. This study provides insight into how distinctive patterns of play may satisfy different psychological needs and provides preliminary insights into how gambling patterns may prove adaptive or maladaptive as leisure choices

The retirement experiences of elite female gymnasts: Self identity and the physical self

This study explored experiences of retirement from elite sport among a sample of retired female gymnasts. Given the young age at which female gymnasts begin and end their sport careers, particular attention was afforded to the role of identity and the physical self in the process of adaptation. Retrospective, semi-structured interviews were conducted and interview transcripts analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Analysis indicated that retirement from gymnastics engendered adjustment difficulties for six of the seven participants. Identity loss was particularly salient, and for two gymnasts, physical changes associated with retirement were a further source of distress. The challenge of athletic retirement was intensified because the gymnasts had heavily invested in sport during adolescence, a period demarcated for the pursuit of an identity. Furthermore, their retirement coincided with a time when adolescents typically undergo profound changes physiologically. Practical suggestions to facilitate athletes' disengagement from sport are discussed