Maximizing the Impact of Professional Development for Earth Science Teachers

This study examines the extent to which follow-up sessions can provide support for earth science teachers as they apply what they learn from professional development coursework during the academic year with their own students. Data include direct observation of follow-up sessions of courses for teachers; interviews with course co-instructors and teacher participants; and, document analysis of teacher products with a focus on the lesson plans, laboratory/activity sheets for students, and virtual field trips that teacher participants submitted and shared during follow-up sessions. Strategies are recommended to assist earth science content faculty in increasing the impact of their work with teachers and hence, student instruction

Junction range finder

Electronic system locates interferences in radar reception. System utilizes well known frequency-modulated continuous-wave technique to locate objects with nonlinear impedances. FM transmitter generates signal through bandpass filter which eliminates higher order harmonics around carrier frequency

A numerical approach to controller design for the ACES facility

In recent years the employment of active control techniques for improving the performance of systems involving highly flexible structures has become a topic of considerable research interest. Most of these systems are quite complicated, using multiple actuators and sensors, and possessing high order models. The majority of analytical controller synthesis procedures capable of handling multivariable systems in a systematic way require considerable insight into the underlying mathematical theory to achieve a successful design. This insight is needed in selecting the proper weighting matrices or weighting functions to cast what is naturally a multiple constraint satisfaction problem into an unconstrained optimization problem. Although designers possessing considerable experience with these techniques have a feel for the proper choice of weights, others may spend a significant amount of time attempting to find an acceptable solution. Another disadvantage of such procedures is that the resulting controller has an order greater than or equal to that of the model used for the design. Of course, the order of these controllers can often be reduced, but again this requires a good understanding of the theory involved

Physically and Sexually Violent Juvenile Offenders: A Comparative Study of Victimization History Variables

The primary purpose of this study was to examine and compare physically and sexually violent juvenile offenders (PVJOs and SVJOs) to determine whether specific factors in their abuse histories, if present, tend to be associated with-the type of violent offense pattern they exhibit. The Youth Experiences and Behaviors Structured Interview (YEBSI)--an instrument which assesses for primary (victimization), secondary (witnessing), and perpetrated abuse of an emotional, physical, and sexual nature, by and/or toward family members, acquaintances, strangers, and animals--was developed by the primary researcher for use in this study. Thirty-six PVJOs and 30 SVJOs were interviewed. Results indicated that the YEBSI demonstrated high levels of internal consistency reliability and a very high level of interrater reliability. Various descriptive statistical, scale, and subscale correlations for the YEBSI were provided. Very high percentages of both groups reported experiencing and witnessing all types of abuse. In all cases, a similar or larger percentage of SVJOs reported histories of primary and secondary abuse. SVJOs reported more severe levels of emotional abuse, similar severity levels of physical abuse, and less extremely severe levels of sexual abuse than did PVJOs. Family members and acquaintances (as compared to strangers) tended to be far more frequently reported as perpetrators by respondents. Composite primary and secondary abuse scores were moderately correlated with abuse perpetration scores for SVJOs and strongly correlated with abuse perpetration scores for PVJOs. For emotional, family, acquaintance, and stranger abuse, reported primary-secondary abuse scores were found to be most highly correlated with abuse perpetration scores of the same nature (e.g., emotional abuse history-witness scores best correlated with physical abuse perpetration scores and family abuse history-witness scores best correlated with perpetration scores against family members) Finally, the classification variables correctly predicted 75% of those in the physically violent group and 67% of those in the sexually violent group, with an overall hit rate of 71%. Examination of the discriminant function-variable correlations in this study indicates that it was primarily the emotional, family-perpetrated, and sexual abuse subscales that defined the function. Theoretical interpretations and implications for these results are provided

Notes on the Ecology of Iowa Lichens

Many interesting features are presented by this group of organisms, some of which have been investigated more or less thoroughly, while others have received comparatively little attention. The work with Iowa lichens has consisted almost entirely of reporting and describing species, with only very limited reference to structural modifications of thalli, and the relation between this and the ability of lichens to withstand adverse atmospheric conditions. In this, lichens are perhaps the most remarkable organisms in existence, and the full investigation of the secrets of this power offers an excellent field for the student of special problems

Emerging Issues: Overthrowing the Government: What Boko Haram Means for Women

Boko Haram has been active since 2002, however, most of the world became familiar with the Islamic terrorist group in April of 2014 after they kidnapped approximately 276 girls from a boarding school in northeastern Nigeria.1 The group’s leader, Abubakar Shekau, announced in a video that the kidnapping was an act of retaliation after Nigerian security forces kidnapped the wives and children of Boko Haram leaders.2 He also stated that the girls would be forced to convert to Islam and sold into the slave market to begin their new lives as “servants.”3 The kidnapping was not the first act of violence against women committed by Boko Haram and it will likely not be the last. Boko Haram, which loosely translates to “western education is sin,” vows to continue its campaign of violence until Sharia law rules Nigeria.4 These acts of violence reflect Boko Haram’s vehement disapproval of western education and Nigeria’s current government, but the group especially opposes the education of women. This essay analyzes how Boko Haram’s plan to establish Sharia law affects women

Emerging Issues: Overthrowing the Government: What Boko Haram Means for Women

Boko Haram has been active since 2002, however, most of the world became familiar with the Islamic terrorist group in April of 2014 after they kidnapped approximately 276 girls from a boarding school in northeastern Nigeria.1 The group’s leader, Abubakar Shekau, announced in a video that the kidnapping was an act of retaliation after Nigerian security forces kidnapped the wives and children of Boko Haram leaders.2 He also stated that the girls would be forced to convert to Islam and sold into the slave market to begin their new lives as “servants.”3 The kidnapping was not the first act of violence against women committed by Boko Haram and it will likely not be the last. Boko Haram, which loosely translates to “western education is sin,” vows to continue its campaign of violence until Sharia law rules Nigeria.4 These acts of violence reflect Boko Haram’s vehement disapproval of western education and Nigeria’s current government, but the group especially opposes the education of women. This essay analyzes how Boko Haram’s plan to establish Sharia law affects women