PENGUATAN SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN ADAT DI NEGERI MOREKAU KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT

Keberadaan masyarakat adat ada bersamaan dengan tatanan pemerintahan adatnya secara bergenerasi. Di Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat khususnya di Negeri Morekau, tatanan pemerintahan adat sejak awal telah menjadi ciri khas, yang mana pemerintahan dijalankan oleh seorang raja yang diwariskan secara turun temurun, beserta struktur pemerintahan adat di dalam negeri dimaksud. Dalam kurun waktu berlakunya Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Maluku Nomor 14 Tahun 2005 tentang “Penetapan Kembali Negeri Sebagai Kesatuan Masyarakat Hukum Adat dalam Wilayah Pemerintah Provinsi Maluku”, ini merupakan payung hukum Provinsi Maluku yang memberi ruang terhadap upaya pengembalian status masyarakat adat beserta pemerintahan adatnya. Tujuan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat untuk memberikan penguatan berupa penyuluhan hukum,guna menjaga dan melestraikan sistem pemerintahan adat setempat. Metode Pelaksanaan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PkM) ini dilakukan dalam bentuk Penyuluhan Hukum. Hasil pengabdian di Negeri Morekau Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat, menunjukkan bahwa sejak awal eksistensi pemerintahan adat di Negeri Morekau memang telah menjadi ciri khasnya namun memang masih memerlukan penguatan kembali terhadap struktur pemerintahan adat dimaksud. Melalui Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PkM) telah memberikan pemahaman terhadap pentingnya pengutan tatanan otonomi asli masyarakat setempat mengingat telah ditetapkan Peraturan Daerah Nomor 13 Tahun 2019 tentang Negeri dan Peraturan Daerah Nomor 14 Tahun 2019 tentang Saniri Negeri

Synthetic hydrogels as scaffolds for manipulating endothelium cell behaviors

Synthetic hydrogels can be used as scaffolds that not only favor endothelial cells (ECs) proliferation but also manipulate the behaviors and functions of the ECs. In this review paper, the effect of chemical structure, Young's modulus (E) and zeta potential (ζ) of synthetic hydrogel scaffolds on static cell behaviors, including cell morphology, proliferation, cytoskeleton structure and focal adhesion, and on dynamic cell behaviors, including migration velocity and morphology oscillation, as well as on EC function such as anti-platelet adhesion, are reported. It was found that negatively charged hydrogels, poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium) (PNaAMPS) and poly(sodium p-styrene sulphonate) (PNaSS), can directly promote cell proliferation, with no need of surface modification by any cell-adhesive proteins or peptides at the environment of serum-containing medium. In addition, the Young's modulus (E) and zeta potential (ζ) of hydrogel scaffolds are quantitatively tuned by copolymer hydrogels, poly(NaAMPS-co-DMAAm) and poly(NaSS-co-DMAAm), in which the two kinds of negatively charged monomers NaAMPS and NaSS are copolymerized with neutral monomer, N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAAm). It was found that the critical zeta potential of hydrogels manipulating EC morphology, proliferation, and motility is ζcritical = -20.83 mV and ζcritical = -14.0 mV for poly(NaAMPS-co-DMAAm) and poly(NaSS-co-DMAAm), respectively. The above mentioned EC behaviors well correlate with the adsorption of fibronectin, a kind of cell-adhesive protein, on the hydrogel surfaces. Furthermore, adhered platelets on the EC monolayers cultured on the hydrogel scaffolds obviously decreases with an increase of the Young's modulus (E) of the hydrogels, especially when E > 60 kPa. Glycocalyx assay and gene expression of ECs demonstrate that the anti-platelet adhesion well correlates with the EC-specific glycocalyx. The above investigation suggests that understanding the relationship between physic-chemical properties of synthetic hydrogels and cell responses is essential to design optimal soft & wet scaffolds for tissue engineering