19,221 research outputs found
Jet transport performance in thunderstorm wind shear conditions
Several hours of three dimensional wind data were collected in the thunderstorm approach-to-landing environment, using an instrumented Queen Air airplane. These data were used as input to a numerical simulation of aircraft response, concentrating on fixed-stick assumptions, while the aircraft simulated an instrument landing systems approach. Output included airspeed, vertical displacement, pitch angle, and a special approach deterioration parameter. Theory and the results of approximately 1000 simulations indicated that about 20 percent of the cases contained serious wind shear conditions capable of causing a critical deterioration of the approach. In particular, the presence of high energy at the airplane's phugoid frequency was found to have a deleterious effect on approach quality. Oscillations of the horizontal wind at the phugoid frequency were found to have a more serious effect than vertical wind. A simulation of Eastern flight 66, which crashed at JFK in 1975, served to illustrate the points of the research. A concept of a real-time wind shear detector was outlined utilizing these results
NASA research activities in aeropropulsion
NASA is responsible for advancing technologies related to air transportation. A sampling of the work at NASA's Lewis Research Center aimed at improved aircraft propulsion systems is described. Particularly stressed are efforts related to reduced noise and fuel consumption of subsonic transports. Generic work in specific disciplines are reviewed including computational analysis, materials, structures, controls, diagnostics, alternative fuels, and high-speed propellers. Prospects for variable cycle engines are also discussed
Optimum design of high speed prop rotors including the coupling of performance, aeroelastic stability and structures
An optimization procedure is developed for the design of high speed prop-rotors to be used in civil tiltrotor applications. The goal is to couple aerodynamic performance, aeroelastic stability, and structural design requirements inside a closed-loop optimization procedure. The objective is to minimize the gross weight and maximize the propulsive efficiency in high speed cruise. Constraints are imposed on the rotor aeroelastic stability in both hover and cruise and rotor figure of merit in hover. Both structural and aerodynamic design variables are used
Barrier and internal wave contributions to the quantum probability density and flux in light heavy-ion elastic scattering
We investigate the properties of the optical model wave function for light
heavy-ion systems where absorption is incomplete, such as Ca
and O around 30 MeV incident energy. Strong focusing effects
are predicted to occur well inside the nucleus, where the probability density
can reach values much higher than that of the incident wave. This focusing is
shown to be correlated with the presence at back angles of a strong enhancement
in the elastic cross section, the so-called ALAS (anomalous large angle
scattering) phenomenon; this is substantiated by calculations of the quantum
probability flux and of classical trajectories. To clarify this mechanism, we
decompose the scattering wave function and the associated probability flux into
their barrier and internal wave contributions within a fully quantal
calculation. Finally, a calculation of the divergence of the quantum flux shows
that when absorption is incomplete, the focal region gives a sizeable
contribution to nonelastic processes.Comment: 16 pages, 15 figures. RevTeX file. To appear in Phys. Rev. C. The
figures are only available via anonynous FTP on
ftp://umhsp02.umh.ac.be/pub/ftp_pnt/figscat
The Analysis of Pixel Intensity (Myocardial Signal Density) Data: The Quantification of Myocardial Perfusion by Imaging Methods.
This paper described a number of important issues in the analysis of pixel intensity data, as well as approaches for dealing with these. We particularly emphasized the issue of clustering, which may be ubiquitous in studies of pixel intensity data. Clustering can take many forms, e.g., measurements of different sections of a heart or repeated measurements of the same research participant. Clustering typically has the effect of increasing variance estimates. When one fails to account for clustering, variance estimates may be unrealistically small, resulting in spurious significance. We illustrated several possible approaches to account for clustering, including adjusting standard errors for design effects and modeling the covariance structure within clusters using mixed models. These methods offer great flexibility for dealing with a wide variety of research designs and include the capability for adjusting for covariates and different case weights. Similar methods can be used to account for clustering in both superiority and equivalence analyses. In situations where clustering affects the true cluster mean, ”, but not the difference between measures of the mean, it is possible that clustering will have a much greater impact on superiority analyses than on equivalence analyses
The influence of baryons on the mass distribution of dark matter halos
Using a set of high-resolution N-body/SPH cosmological simulations with
identical initial conditions but run with different numerical setups, we
investigate the influence of baryonic matter on the mass distribution of dark
halos when radiative cooling is NOT included. We compare the concentration
parameters of about 400 massive halos with virial mass from \Msun to
\Msun. We find that the concentration parameters for the
total mass and dark matter distributions in non radiative simulations are on
average larger by ~3% and 10% than those in a pure dark matter simulation. Our
results indicate that the total mass density profile is little affected by a
hot gas component in the simulations. After carefully excluding the effects of
resolutions and spurious two-body heating between dark matter and gas
particles, we conclude that the increase of the dark matter concentration
parameters is due to interactions between baryons and dark matter. We
demonstrate this with the aid of idealized simulations of two-body mergers. The
results of individual halos simulated with different mass resolutions show that
the gas profiles of densities, temperature and entropy are subjects of mass
resolution of SPH particles. In particular, we find that in the inner parts of
halos, as the SPH resolution increases the gas density becomes higher but both
the entropy and temperature decrease.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, ApJ in press (v652n1); updated to match
with the being published versio
Historical and contemporary perspectives on the sediments of Lake Rotorua
Lake Rotorua is probably the oldest continuously inundated lake in New Zealand, occupying a caldera formed by or closely associated with the eruption of the Mamaku ignimbrite and the collapse of the Rotorua caldera (Healy, 1975; Lowe and Green, 1991). The lake has undergone drastic changes in size and depth as a result of tectonics, volcanic activity and erosion. Since the Rotoehu eruption, (~60 kyr), the lake level has fluctuated between 120 m above present (280 m asl) and 10 m below present level. The modern lake covers an area of 79 km2 and has a mean depth of 10 m. Despite its long history of sedimentation, Lake Rotorua has an irregular bathymetry with features including faulted blocks, slumps, hydrothermal explosion craters, springs and large methane discharge pock marks
Coronary Evaluation Using Multi-detector Spiral Computed Tomography Angiography: Statistical Design and Analysis
Contrast-enhanced multi-detector row spiral computed tomography (MDCT) has been introduced as a method for non-invasive visualization of coronary artery stenosis. To determine the diagnostic accuracy of MDCT coronary angiography, as compared to the âgold standardâ invasive coronary angiography, sensitivity and specificity are estimated (95% Confidence Intervals). Three separate levels of estimation are computed: at the patient level, at the coronary artery level, and at the coronary artery segment level. We review the methodology for the estimation of sensitivity and specificity of non-clustered binary data (patient level analysis) and present a methodology for the estimation of sensitivity and specificity that considers the patient as a cluster and the coronary arteries (or coronary artery segments) as the diagnostic units of the study (DUOS) within each cluster. We also present how to estimate the weighted kappa for the comparison of ordinal measures of stenosis when non-clustered and clustered data are considered and the mean difference for the comparison of continuous measures of stenosis when non-clustered and clustered data are considered. Finally, we present a methods for determining the statistical precision of estimates sensitivity and specificity, weighted kappa and mean difference when clustered data are considered
Nuclear activity and star formation properties of Seyfert 2 galaxies
In order to characterize the amount of recent or ongoing stellar formation in
the circumnuclear region of active galaxies on a statistically sound basis, we
have studied the stellar component of the nuclear spectra in three different
samples of galaxies, namely Seyfert 2 galaxies (hereafter S2G), star-forming
galaxies (SFG) and passive normal galaxies (NG), i.e., no emission lines
observed, using Sloan Digital Sky Survey data (SDSS) (Adelman-McCarthy, 2008).
The stellar component of the observed spectra has been extracted using
STARLIGHT (Cid Fernandes et al., 2004), which fits an observed spectrum with a
model (template) spectrum obtained by combining a library of pre-defined simple
stellar populations spectra, with distinct ages and metallicities. The
resulting template spectra for the different samples of galaxies have been
compared to determine the features of the stellar emission component and to
evaluate the presence and intensity of the star formation in the nuclear
regions of different families of galaxies. From a first qualitative analysis it
results that the shape of the Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) of S2G and NG
is very similar, while that of SFG is characterized by a strong blue excess.
The presence of the 4000 A break in the spectra of S2G and NG together with the
lack of a strong blue continuum clearly indicate the absence of ongoing star
formation in the circumnuclear regions of S2G and obviously of NG. Anyway
traces of a recent star formation history are evident in the spectra of S2G
galaxies, which show a 4000 A break systematically shallower than in NG.Comment: Proceeding of the VII Serbian Conference on Spectral Line Shapes in
Astrophysic
Providing Self-Aware Systems with Reflexivity
We propose a new type of self-aware systems inspired by ideas from
higher-order theories of consciousness. First, we discussed the crucial
distinction between introspection and reflexion. Then, we focus on
computational reflexion as a mechanism by which a computer program can inspect
its own code at every stage of the computation. Finally, we provide a formal
definition and a proof-of-concept implementation of computational reflexion,
viewed as an enriched form of program interpretation and a way to dynamically
"augment" a computational process.Comment: 12 pages plus bibliography, appendices with code description, code of
the proof-of-concept implementation, and examples of executio
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