Effect of ultimate ph on the physicochemical and biochemical characteristics of turkey breast muscle showing normal rate of postmortem pH fall

International audienc

Analyse métabolomique du muscle squelettique - Comparaison de différentes méthodes d'extraction pour la quantification relative du métabolome en LC-MS/MS

National audienceLes termes « métabolome et métabolomique » ont été introduits, pour la première fois en 2002, par Oliver Fiehn. Le métabolome correspond à l’ensemble des métabolites de bas poids moléculaire présents dans une cellule, un tissu ou un organisme. La métabolomique est la mesure qualitative et/ou quantitative du métabolome, son objectif est d’établir un lien entre l’expression génomique et phénotypique, afin de déterminer le fonctionnement global d’un système métabolique (Fiehn 2007). L’intérêt de la métabolomique est qu’il est possible d’identifier et de quantifier un grand nombre de métabolites simultanément. Cependant elle comporte quelques inconvénients sur certains aspects préparatifs et analytiques. En effet, la préparation des échantillons est une étape très importante, des pertes des métabolites pendant l’étape d’extraction peuvent se produire et fausser la quantification (De Koning 1992). Par conséquent, la méthode choisie doit favoriser l’extraction du plus grand nombre de métabolites, ne pas exclure des molécules avec des propriétés physico-chimiques particulières et enfin, conserver l’intégrité structurale et fonctionnelle des métabolites. Récemment, plusieurs auteurs (e.g. Villas-Bôas 2005, Lin 2007) ont étudié différentes méthodes d’extraction du métabolome des cellules végétales et animales. En revanche, à notre connaissance, les techniques d’extraction du métabolome du muscle squelettique n’ont jamais été étudiées. Ainsi, dans cette étude, nous avons comparé quatre méthodes d’extraction du métabolome musculaire, déjà utilisées pour la biomasse microbienne, afin de choisir le protocole d’extraction le plus efficace du point de vue qualité, quantité et facilité d’application

Effect of Post-hatch Early Feeding Times Starter Supplemented with Egg Yolk and White

Abstract: The experiment aimed to study the effect of post-hatch early held feeding times starter supplemented with egg yolk and white on growth performance, viscera development and immune response in broiler chickens. The working hypothesis was based on the fact that better development of the gastrointestinal tract and immunity system in the first week of the chicks' life affects positively the growth performance. This experiment was designed also to clear up and to compare the effect of 2 periods of post-hatching held feeding times on broiler chickens performance. A total of 160 chicks of fast growing broilers type were allotted according to 4 dietary treatments (N = 40 birds/ treatment), during the first 3 days of age (group C: commercial alimentation (basal diet), group Y1: 66% commercial feed and 33% boiled egg yolk, group Y2: 33% commercial feed and 66% boiled egg yolk and group YW: 33% commercial feed, 33% boiled egg yolk and 33% boiled egg white). Each group was divided into 2 subgroups (f6: 6 h held feeding and f12: 12h held feeding) with free access to water. After that, all the chicks were fed with commercial diets till slaughter. Randomly selected birds from all groups were sacrificed at 11 and 40 days of age where the digestive tube and other visceral organs were measured. Post-hatch delaying feeding time for 6 and 12 hours did not reduce the live body weight of broiler chickens at 40 days of age. Starting from day 15 till the slaughter, chicks fed diet Y1 showed a higher live body weight with a better feed conversion ratio. However, visceral measurements did not show a clearly positive effect of egg yolk on the morphological development of the gastrointestinal tract. The chicks immunity response against NDV, IBV, and G was significantly affected by the diets; Y1 group presents the best response. Results concerning the delaying feeding time confirmed the hypothesis that is based on the fact that delaying feeding time may affect the immunity response against pathogens

Breed differences in the biochemical determinism of ultimate pH in breast muscles of broiler chickens - a key role of AMP deaminase?

International audienc

Psychoactive substances use and associated factors among middle and high school students in the North Center of Morocco: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey

Abstract Background Data on psychoactive substance (PAS) consumption among adolescents in the North Center of Morocco are not at all available. Therefore, the current study aimed at investigating the prevalence and the determinants of psychoactive substances use among middle and high school students in this region. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2012 to November 2013 in public middle and high schools in the North Central Region of Morocco. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was used to assess psychoactive substances use among a representative sample of school students from the 7th to the 12th grade, aged 11–23 years, selected by stratified cluster random sampling. Factors associated with psychoactive substance use were identified using multivariate stepwise logistic regression analyses. Results A total of 3020 school students completed the questionnaires, 53.0 % of which were males. The overall lifetime smoking prevalence was 16.1 %. The lifetime, annual and past month rates of any psychoactive substance use among the study subjects were 9.3, 7.5, and 6.3 % respectively. Cannabis recorded the highest lifetime prevalence of 8.1 %, followed by alcohol 4.3 %, inhalants 1.7 %, psychotropic substances without medical prescription 1.0, cocaine 0.7, heroine 0.3, and amphetamine with only 0.2 %. Psychoactive substance use was associated with males more than females. The risk factors identified by multivariate stepwise logistic regression analyses were being male, studying in secondary school level, smoking tobacco, living with a family member who uses tobacco, and feeling insecure within the family. Conclusions The prevalence among all school students reported by the current study was comparable to the national prevalence. Efforts to initiate psychoactive substance prevention programs among school students should be made by designing such programs based on the significant factors associated with psychoactive substance use identified in this study

Additional file 1: of Psychoactive substances use and associated factors among middle and high school students in the North Center of Morocco: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey

English version of the questionnaire. (DOCX 27 kb

Additional file 1: of Suicidal behaviors among Moroccan school students: prevalence and association with socio-demographic characteristics and psychoactive substances use: a cross-sectional study

STROBE checklist for cross sectional studies. (DOC 88 kb

Breed differences in the biochemical determinism of ultimate pH in breast muscles of broiler chickens--a key role of AMP deaminase?

International audienc