Организационные структуры управления интеллектуальной собственностью стран СНГ как фактор создания свободного рынка инноваций

The article is devoted to the issues of creating a barrier-free environment for free circulation in the intellectual property market of the post-Soviet countries, which today is in a depressing state. One of the factors of its successful functioning is the unification of the regulatory framework, the creation of a single market principle, and the coordination of the work of patent offices. The purpose of the study is to establish the specifics of the work of the patent offices of the Commonwealth of Independent States to ensure adequate mutual protection of intellectual property, including with countries that are not part of the Eurasian Economic Union, but with which the economic and cultural relationships that have been established for decades are maintained. The analysis of organizational management structures in the field of intellectual property in the CIS countries has shown that along with the general principles of their work, there are numerous features of their activities. The main research method was structural-logical and comparative analysis. Common features are identified, positive experience is generalized, typical shortcomings of both organizational structures as a whole and individual structural units are noted. The place of patent offices in the general system of public administration is determined. The specifics of performing functions, the composition of which differs significantly in different countries, are disclosed. The features of interaction with patent offices are determined. Recommendations for improving the structures and the standard structure of the patent office are proposed.Статья посвящена вопросам создания безбарьерной среды свободного обращения на рынке интеллектуальной собственности стран постсоветского пространства, который сегодня пребывает в удручающем состоянии. Одним из факторов его успешного функционирования является унификация нормативной базы, создание единых принципов рынка, координация работы патентных ведомств. Целью исследования является установление особенностей работы патентных ведомств стран Содружества независимых государств (СНГ) для обеспечения адекватной взаимной охраны интеллектуальной собственности, в том числе со странами, не входящими с состав Евразийского экономического союза, но с которыми поддерживаются сложившиеся десятилетиями экономические и культурные взаимосвязи. Анализ организационных структур управления в сфере интеллектуальной собственности в странах СНГ показал, что наряду с общими принципами их работы имеются многочисленные особенности деятельности. Основным методом исследования послужил структурно-логический и сопоставительный анализ. Выявлены общие черты, обобщен положительный опыт, отмечены типичные недостатки как организационных структур в целом, так и отдельных структурных подразделений. Определено место патентных ведомств в общей системе государственного управления. Раскрыта специфика выполнения функций, состав которых существенно отличается в различных странах. Определены особенности взаимодействия с патентными ведомствами. Предложены рекомендации по совершенствованию структур и типовая структура патентного ведомства

Digital receivers for low-frequency radio telescopes UTR-2, URAN, GURT

This paper describes digital radio astronomical receivers used for decameter and meter wavelength observations. This paper describes digital radio astronomical receivers used for decameter and meter wavelength observations. Since 1998, digital receivers performing on-the-fly dynamic spectrum calculations or waveform data recording without data loss have been used at the UTR-2 radio telescope, the URAN VLBI system, and the GURT new generation radio telescope. Here we detail these receivers developed for operation in the strong interference environment that prevails in the decameter wavelength range. Data collected with these receivers allowed us to discover numerous radio astronomical objects and phenomena at low frequencies, a summary of which is also presented.Comment: 24 pages, 15 figure

Grain refinement of magnesium alloys: a review of recent research, theoretical developments and their application

This paper builds on the ‘‘Grain Refinement of Mg Alloys’’ published in 2005 and reviews the grain refinement research onMg alloys that has been undertaken since then with an emphasis on the theoretical and analytical methods that have been developed. Consideration of recent research results and current theoretical knowledge has highlighted two important factors that affect an alloy’s as-cast grain size. The first factor applies to commercial Mg-Al alloys where it is concluded that impurity and minor elements such as Fe and Mn have a substantially negative impact on grain size because, in combination with Al, intermetallic phases can be formed that tend to poison the more potent native or deliberately added nucleant particles present in the melt. This factor appears to explain the contradictory experimental outcomes reported in the literature and suggests that the search for a more potent and reliable grain refining technology may need to take a different approach. The second factor applies to all alloys and is related to the role of constitutional supercooling which, on the one hand, promotes grain nucleation and, on the other hand, forms a nucleation-free zone preventing further nucleation within this zone, consequently limiting the grain refinement achievable, particularly in low solute-containing alloys. Strategies to reduce the negative impact of these two factors are discussed. Further, the Interdependence model has been shown to apply to a broad range of casting methods from slow cooling gravity die casting to fast cooling high pressure die casting and dynamic methods such as ultrasonic treatment

Development of silicon detectors for Beam Loss Monitoring at HL-LHC

Silicon detectors were proposed as novel Beam Loss Monitors (BLM) for the control of the radiation environment in the vicinity of the superconductive magnets of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider. The present work is aimed at enhancing the BLM sensitivity and therefore the capability of triggering the beam abort system before a critical radiation load hits the superconductive coils. We report here the results of three in situ irradiation tests of Si detectors carried out at the CERN PS at 1.9–4.2 K. The main experimental result is that all silicon detectors survived irradiation up to $1.22× 10^{16} p/cm^{2}$. The third test, focused on the detailed characterization of the detectors with standard (300 μm) and reduced (100 μm) thicknesses, showed only a marginal difference in the sensitivity of thinned detectors in the entire fluence range and a smaller rate of signal degradation that promotes their use as BLMs. The irradiation campaigns produced new information on radiation damage and carrier transport in Si detectors irradiated at the temperatures of 1.9–4.2 K. The results were encouraging and permitted to initiate the production of the first BLM prototype modules which were installed at the end of the vessel containing the superconductive coil of a LHC magnet immersed in superfluid helium to be able to test the silicon detectors in real operational conditions