Shadowing in the nuclear photoabsorption above the resonance region

A model based on the hadronic fluctuations of the real photon is developed to describe the total photonucleon and photonuclear cross sections in the energy region above the nucleon resonances. The hadronic spectral function of the photon is derived including the finite width of vector-meson resonances and the quark-antiquark continuum. The shadowing effect is evaluated considering the effective interaction of the hadronic component with the bound nucleons within a Glauber-Gribov multiple scattering theory. The low energy onset of the shadowing effect is interpreted as a possible signature of a modification of the hadronic spectral function in the nuclear medium. A decrease of the $\rho$-meson mass in nuclei is suggested for a better explanation of the experimental data.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure

Oxygen Saturation and Suck-Swallow-Breathe Coordination of Term Infants during Breastfeeding and Feeding from a Teat Releasing Milk Only with Vacuum

Background. Vacuum is an important factor in milk removal from the breast, yet compression is the predominant component of milk removal from bottle teats. Since bottle-feeding infants have lower oxygen saturation, vacuum levels, and different suck-swallow-breathe (SSwB) coordination to breastfeeding infants, we hypothesised that when infants fed from a teat that required a vacuum threshold of −29 mmHg for milk removal, that oxygen saturation, heart rate, and suck-swallow-breathe (SSwB) patterns would be similar to those of breastfeeding. Study Design. Infants (=16) were monitored during one breastfeed and one feed from the experimental teat. Simultaneous recordings were made of oxygen saturation, heart rate, vacuum, tongue movement, respiration, and swallowing. Results. There were no differences in oxygen saturation and heart rate between the breast and the teat. Infants displayed fewer sucks and breaths per swallow during nutritive sucking (NS) compared to non-nutritive sucking (NNS). The number of sucks per breath was similar for NS and NNS although respiratory rates were slower during NS. These patterns did not differ between the breast and the teat. Conclusion. These results suggest that vacuum may be conducive to safe and coordinated milk removal by the infant during both breast and bottle-feeding

Understanding the distribution of marine megafauna in the English channel region: identifying key habitats for conservation within the busiest seaway on earth.

Published onlineJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tThis is the final version of the article. Available from Public Library of Science via the DOI in this record.The temperate waters of the North-Eastern Atlantic have a long history of maritime resource richness and, as a result, the European Union is endeavouring to maintain regional productivity and biodiversity. At the intersection of these aims lies potential conflict, signalling the need for integrated, cross-border management approaches. This paper focuses on the marine megafauna of the region. This guild of consumers was formerly abundant, but is now depleted and protected under various national and international legislative structures. We present a meta-analysis of available megafauna datasets using presence-only distribution models to characterise suitable habitat and identify spatially-important regions within the English Channel and southern bight of the North Sea. The integration of studies from dedicated and opportunistic observer programmes in the United Kingdom and France provide a valuable perspective on the spatial and seasonal distribution of various taxonomic groups, including large pelagic fishes and sharks, marine mammals, seabirds and marine turtles. The Western English Channel emerged as a hotspot of biodiversity for megafauna, while species richness was low in the Eastern English Channel. Spatial conservation planning is complicated by the highly mobile nature of marine megafauna, however they are important components of the marine environment and understanding their distribution is a first crucial step toward their inclusion into marine ecosystem management.The INTERREG IV A France (Channel) – England cross-border European cooperation programme, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund as part of the CHannel integrated Approach for marine Resource Management (CHARM) Phase III project provided funding for the meta-analysis presented in this manuscript through EU postdoctoral fellowships to C. McClellan and S. Patrick. R. Deaville provided the UK cetacean strandings data, which together with the marine turtle data was co-funded by the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) and by the devolved governments in Scotland and Wales. G. Bradbury and J. Darke provided data from the UK's Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust, which was funded by the Department of Energy and Climate Change. T. Dunn provided the Joint Cetacean Database and the European Seabirds at Sea data. P.S. Hammond provided the SCANS and SCANS-II data funded by EU LIFE Nature projects LIFE 92-2/UK/027 and LIFE04NAT/GB/000245, respectively. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Intra-arterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis

Objective: To assess the potential benefit of treating patients with acute ischemic stroke using intra-arterial methods. Methods: A meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials that compared standard therapy with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IVtPA) for thrombolysis to intra-arterial therapies in patients with acute stroke was performed. All studies reported were analyzed as one group and studies documenting patients with large vessel obstruction were analyzed as a second group. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and the odds ratio (OR) of the dichotomized outcomes of Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of these trials was calculated. Results: Nine trials were identified with 2,711 patients treated. Meta-analysis of all studies, with and without large vessel obstruction documented, showed a significant benefit with intra-arterial therapy (SMD: 0.22 + 0.041; P=0.003). The dichotomized outcomes of mRS of these trials showed significant improvement (OR: 1.66 -2.43 in four of the five treatment arm groups examined). Meta-analysis of all publications with large vessel obstruction documented as an entry criteria showed a greater significant benefit with intra-arterial therapy (SMD: 0.35 + 0.05; P<0.001). The dichotomized outcomes of mRS of these trials showed significant improvement (OR: 1.36 -2.38 in all five treatment arm groups examined). Some heterogeneity was observed between studies. Conclusion: Treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke was associated with improved outcomes as measured by mRS. Patient selection, standard treatment, and study treatment factors contributed to the statistical evaluation of inter study heterogeneity and may have contributed to different study outcomes

AI-based Monte Carlo event generator for electron-proton scattering

We present a new strategy using artificial intelligence (AI) to build the first AI-based Monte Carlo event generator (MCEG) capable of faithfully generating final state particle phase space in lepton-hadron scattering. We show a blueprint for integrating machine learning strategies with calibrated detector simulations to build a vertex-level, AI-based MCEG, free of theoretical assumptions about femtometer scale physics. As the first steps towards this goal, we present a case study for inclusive electron-proton scattering using synthetic data from the PYTHIA MCEG for testing and validation purposes. Our quantitative results validate our proof of concept and demonstrate the predictive power of the trained models. The work suggests new venues for data preservation to enable future QCD studies of hadrons structure, and the developed technology can boost the science output of physics programs at facilities such as Jefferson Lab and the future Electron-Ion Collider.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2001.1110

Machine Learning-Based Event Generator for Electron-Proton Scattering

We present a new machine learning-based Monte Carlo event generator using generative adversarial networks (GANs) that can be trained with calibrated detector simulations to construct a vertex-level event generator free of theoretical assumptions about femtometer scale physics. Our framework includes a GAN-based detector folding as a fast-surrogate model that mimics detector simulators. The framework is tested and validated on simulated inclusive deep-inelastic scattering data along with existing parametrizations for detector simulation, with uncertainty quantification based on a statistical bootstrapping technique. Our results provide for the first time a realistic proof of concept to mitigate theory bias in inferring vertex-level event distributions needed to reconstruct physical observables

The Lantern Vol. 28, No. 2, Spring 1961

• A New Bedlam • A Priori • Germ Warfare • Verse for a Sympathy Card • On Lamartine\u27s Crucifix • On Art • Hope • Hymn to the Morning • An Educator Speaks • Come Out • Insemination • A Day\u27s Hope • Laura • Walking Together • 20 September 1960 • 15 October 1960 • The Governor\u27s Dog • One of the Gang • Poem • Knowledge is Freedom • To Conservative Child • Seventeen American Skating Careers at the Zenithhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1080/thumbnail.jp