6,446 research outputs found
Critical vortex line length near a zigzag of pinning centers
A vortex line passes through as many pinning centers as possible on its way
from one extremety of the superconductor to the other at the expense of
increasing its self-energy. In the framework of the Ginzburg-Landau theory we
study the relative growth in length, with respect to the straight line, of a
vortex near a zigzag of defects. The defects are insulating pinning spheres
that form a three-dimensional cubic array embedded in the superconductor. We
determine the depinning transition beyond which the vortex line no longer
follows the critical zigzag path of defects.Comment: 8 pages, 25 figures with low resolution option, 1 table. To be
published in Eur. Phys. Jour.
Effects of boundaries in mesoscopic superconductors
A thin superconducting disk, with radius and height , is
studied in the presence of an applied magnetic field parallel to its major
axis. We study how the boundaries influence the decay of the order parameter
near the edges for three-dimensional vortex states.Comment: To appear in Physica C as a special issue of M2S-HTS
On Exact and Approximate Solutions for Hard Problems: An Alternative Look
We discuss in an informal, general audience style the da Costa-Doria conjecture about the independence of the P = NP hypothesis and try to briefly assess its impact on practical situations in economics. The paper concludes with a discussion of the Coppe-Cosenza procedure, which is an approximate, partly heuristic algorithm for allocation problems.P vs. NP , allocation problem, assignment problem, traveling salesman, exact solution for NP problems, approximate solutions for NP problems, undecidability, incompleteness
Energy dependence of a vortex line length near a zigzag of pinning centers
A vortex line, shaped by a zigzag of pinning centers, is described here
through a three-dimensional unit cell containing two pinning centers positioned
symmetrically with respect to its center. The unit cell is a cube of side
, the pinning centers are insulating spheres of radius , taken
within the range to , being the coherence length. We
calculate the free energy density of these systems in the framework of the
Ginzburg-Landau theory.Comment: Submitted to Braz. Jour. Phys. (http://www.sbfisica.org.br/bjp) 11
pages, 6 figures, 1 table, LaTex 2
Effect of the boundary condition on the vortex patterns in mesoscopic three-dimensional superconductors - disk and sphere
The vortex state of mesoscopic three-dimensional superconductors is
determined using a minimization procedure of the Ginzburg-Landau free energy.
We obtain the vortex pattern for a mesoscopic superconducting sphere and find
that vortex lines are naturally bent and are closest to each other at the
equatorial plane. For a superconducting disk with finite height, and under an
applied magnetic field perpendicular to its major surface, we find that our
method gives results consistent with previous calculations. The matching
fields, the magnetization and , are obtained for models that differ
according to their boundary properties. A change of the Ginzburg-Landau
parameters near the surface can substantially enhance as shown here.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures (low resolution
Paramagnetic excited vortex states in superconductors
We consider excited vortex states, which are vortex states left inside a
superconductor once the external applied magnetic field is switched off and
whose energy is lower than of the normal state. We show that this state is
paramagnetic and develop here a general method to obtain its Gibbs free energy
through conformal mapping. The solution for any number of vortices in any cross
section geometry can be read off from the Schwarz - Christoffel mapping. The
method is based on the first order equations used by A. Abrikosov to discover
vortices.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure
Vortex patterns in a superconducting-ferromagnetic rod
A superconducting rod with a magnetic moment on top develops vortices
obtained here through 3D calculations of the Ginzburg-Landau theory. The
inhomogeneity of the applied field brings new properties to the vortex patterns
that vary according to the rod thickness. We find that for thin rods (disks)
the vortex patterns are similar to those obtained in presence of a homogeneous
magnetic field instead because they consist of giant vortex states. For thick
rods novel patterns are obtained as vortices are curve lines in space that exit
through the lateral surface.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figues, Proceeding of the Sixth International Conference
in School Format on Vortex Matter in Nanostructured Superconductors (VORTEX
VI
Three-dimensional Ginzburg-Landau simulation of a vortex line displaced by a zigzag of pinning spheres
A vortex line is shaped by a zigzag of pinning centers and we study here how
far the stretched vortex line is able to follow this path. The pinning center
is described by an insulating sphere of coherence length size such that in its
surface the de Gennes boundary condition applies. We calculate the free energy
density of this system in the framework of the Ginzburg-Landau theory and study
the critical displacement beyond which the vortex line is detached from the
pinning center.Comment: Submitted to special issue of Prammna-Journal of Physics devoted to
the Vortex State Studie
New Faraday lines through Four Bosons EM
Field physics was founded by Faraday introducing magnetic fields (1831),
electric fields (1837) and light as an EM wave (1846), initiating the process
where nature is made by matter and fields. Consider that, ordinary space is
full of fields. The Faraday view is basis for modern quantum field theory. The
concept of fields set up a physicality in development. Physics would like to
know how far matter is created by fields. Generate matter from nonlinear
fields. Faraday lines of force relating physical entities as electric charge
and mass depending on fields. Our purpose is on Faraday lines for nonlinear
abelian electromagnetism. Introduce the Four Bosons EM. The phenomenology of a
generic charge transmitted by four bosons . Nonlinear equations constituted. New Faraday lines were
introduced. The potentials fields of physics are developed. Granular and
collective fields strengths expressed. Four types of fields charges are
derived. They are electric charge, modulated, neutral, Bianchi. This work
introduces a systematic procedure of associative physics. Mass and charge are
generated due to the four fields interrelationships. Masses are derived without
spontaneous symmetry breaking. It is obtained naturally from gauge symmetry,
London, and mixing terms. Electric charge is written by fields through the
Noether theorem. EM interactions not necessarily coupled with electric charge
are proposed. An enlargement of EM energy is derived.Comment: 20 pages, 0 figure
Electric Charge Mutation by Four Vector Bosons
A general theory of electric charge is proposed. It is based on two
phenomenologies. Electric charge mutation and conservation law. Three charges
transformations physics succeeds. Quantum field theory underlies
corresponding creations and annihilation. A potential field's quadruplet is
ruled. Microscopic electromagnetism is processed by four vectors bosons
intermediations. The electromagnetism closure is accomplished. The quadruplet
completeness introduces the
most generic EM energy flux between electric charges. Charge mutation includes
that besides usual photon, EM phenomena is enlarged by massive and charged
photons. Charge conservation associates these four vector fields. Electric
charge symmetry, extends EM for an abelian symmetry . A new EM Lagrangian beyond Maxwell results. A symmetry
equation for electric charge is established through Noether theorem. The
electric charge transfer physics extends the EM phenomenon. Nonlinear
Electromagnetic fields modified electric charge symmetry, new EM regimes.
Potential fields become a physical entity producing conglomerates, collective
fields, mass, sources, charges, monopoles, forces. EM features ruled from an
extended electric charge abelian symmetry. Systemic, nonlinear, neutral,
spintronics, photonics, electroweak EM regimes are constituted.Comment: 45 pages, not figur
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