The Resource Curse and Rentier States in the Caspian Region : A Need for Context Analysis

Although much attention is paid to the Caspian region with regard to energy issues, the domestic consequences of the region’s resource production have so far constituted a neglected field of research. A systematic survey of the latest research trends in the economic and political causalities of the resource curse and of rentier states reveals that there is a need for context analysis. In reference to this, the paper traces any shortcomings and promising approaches in the existent body of literature on the Caspian region. Following on from this, the paper then proposes a new approach; specifically, one in which any differences and similarities in the context conditions are captured. This enables a more precise exploration of the exact ways in which they form contemporary post-Soviet Caspian rentier states.Obwohl der Region am Kaspischen Meer im Zuge von Energiediskursen große Aufmerksamkeit zuteil wird, stellen die innerstaatlichen Folgen der Ressourcenproduktion in der Region ein bislang vernachlässigtes Forschungsfeld dar. Ein systematischer Überblick über die jüngsten Forschungstrends zu wirtschaftlichen und politischen Kausalzusammenhängen des Ressourcenfluchs und zu Rentierstaaten offenbart die Notwendigkeit von Kontextanalysen. Hierauf Bezug nehmend, analysiert der Aufsatz sowohl die Mängel als auch viel versprechende Ansätze in der betreffenden Literatur zur Region am Kaspischen Meer. Der Aufsatz stellt letztendlich einen neuen Ansatz vor, der Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten in den Kontextbedingungen erfasst, um zu erforschen, wie diese die gegenwärtigen post-sowjetischen Rentierstaaten in der Region am Kaspischen Meer tatsächlich prägen

Robot-assisted radical cystectomy (initial experience)

Introduction. The main method of treating patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer remains radical cystectomy (RC). In recent years in RC along with open access are used laparoscopic and robot-assisted approaches.Purpose of research. Describe main steps of robot-assisted RC.Materials and methods. From June 2018 to November 2019 10 patients were underwent robot-assisted RC with intracorporeal orthotopic ileocystoplasty. There were 8 male, and 2 female. Age of patents ranged from 54 to 76 years. Body mass index was 25.6±4.5 kg/м2. Preoperative examination included USI and CT of abdomen and pelvis, lchest CT, laboratory analyses. Procedure performed in Tredelenburg position. RC included next steps: mobilization of distal part of ureters, posterior dissection of bladder, lateral dissection of the bladder, vesicle pedicle is clipped by Hem-o-Lok clips, dorsal venous complex stitch and dissection of the urethra.Results. No conversion to open surgeries. Operative time of RC ranged from 100 to 240 min (mean – 120 min). Blood loss volume ranged from 259 ml to 800 ml (mean 370 ml), and generally blood loss was noted during mobilization of a prostate and a dorsal venous complex. The haemotransfusion was carried out to 3 patients. Morphologic examination is revealed T2 stage in 6 patients, T3 in 4 patients. Three patients also had adenocarcinoma of prostate. Lymph nodes were negative in all patients.Conclusion. Robot-assisted RC is a mini-invasive method for treatment of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Stage-by-stage approach during performing RC allows to reduce time of operation and quantity intra-and postoperative complications

Bleeding risk factors in patients with acute coronary syndrome: data from observational studies ORACUL II

Aim. To identify the risk factors for bleeding of BARC scale 2-5 types in patients after acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Material and methods. The data of 1502 patients from the open multicenter study, ORACUL II, were used — 894 men (59,5%) and 608 women (40,5%), mean age — 65,7±12,9 years. Five hundred sixty (37,3%) patients had ACS with ST-segment elevation and 942 (62,7%) — ACS without ST-segment elevation. Bleeding was recorded in 164 patients (10,9%), including index admission — in 39 (2,6%) patients, of which severe (types 3-5) — 0,5%, significant — 1,7% (types 2-5).Results. Within a year after discharge, bleeding was observed in 126 (8,4%) patients, large — 0,8%, significant — 2,4%. The development of bleeding type 2-5 was associated with the presence of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, gastrointestinal bleeding in history, decreased creatinine, hemoglobin clearance, age of patients, the use of anticoagulants in the composition of triple or double antithrombotic therapy, conducting of percutaneous interventional procedures, the presence of heart failure 2-4 Killip class at admission. ROC analysis showed that the predictive value of the ORACLE bleeding risk scale is 0,762, sensitivity — 62%, specificity — 78%.Conclusion. Thus, we based on routine clinical practice have created a simple scale for assessing the risk of bleeding in patients with ACS