Temperature dependent asymmetry of the nonlocal spin-injection resistance: evidence for spin non-conserving interface scattering

We report nonlocal spin injection and detection experiments on mesoscopic Co-Al2O3-Cu spin valves. We have observed a temperature dependent asymmetry in the nonlocal resistance between parallel and antiparallel configurations of the magnetic injector and detector. This strongly supports the existence of a nonequilibrium resistance that depends on the relative orientation of the detector magnetization and the nonequilibrium magnetization in the normal metal providing evidence for increasing interface spin scattering with temperature.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in PRL, minor corrections (affiliation, acknowledgements, typo

Incoherent Effect of Fe and Ni Substitutions in the Ferromagnetic-Insulator La0.6Bi0.4MnO3+d

A comparative study of the effect of Fe and Ni doping on the bismuth based perovskite La0.6Bi0.4MnO3.1, a projected spintronics magnetic semiconductor has been carried out. The doped systems show an expressive change in magnetic ordering temperature. However, the shifts in ferromagnetic transition (TC) of these doped phases are in opposite direction with respect to the parent phase TC of 115 K. The Ni-doped phase shows an increase in TC ~200 K, whereas the Fe-doped phase exhibits a downward shift to TC~95 K. Moreover, the Fe-doped is hard-type whereas the Ni-doped compound is soft-type ferromagnet. It is observed that the materials are semiconducting in the ferromagnetic phase with activation energies of 77 & 82 meV for Fe & Ni-doped phases respectively. In the presence of external magnetic field of 7 Tesla, they exhibit minor changes in the resistivity behaviours and the maximum isothermal magnetoresistance is around -20 % at 125 K for the Ni-phase. The results are explained on the basis of electronic phase separation and competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions between the various mixed valence cations.Comment: 18 pages including figure

Variation of the density of states in amorphous GdSi at the metal-insulator transition

We performed detailed conductivity and tunneling mesurements on the amorphous, magnetically doped material $\alpha$-Gd$_x$Si$_{1-x}$ (GdSi), which can be driven through the metal-insulator transition by the application of an external magnetic field. Conductivity increases linearly with field near the transition and slightly slower on the metallic side. The tunneling conductance, proportional to the density of states $N(E)$, undergoes a gradual change with increasing field, from insulating, showing a soft gap at low bias, with a slightly weaker than parabolic energy dependence, i.e. $N(E) \sim E^c$, $c \lesssim 2$, towards metallic behavior, with $E^d$, $0.5 \lt d \lt 1$ energy dependence. The density of states at the Fermi level appears to be zero at low fields, as in an insulator, while the sample shows already small, but metal-like conductivity. We suggest a possible explanation to the observed effect.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

Non-Ohmic variable-range hopping transport in one-dimensional conductors

We investigate theoretically the effect of a finite electric field on the resistivity of a disordered one-dimensional system in the variable-range hopping regime. We find that at low fields the transport is inhibited by rare fluctuations in the random distribution of localized states that create high-resistance ``breaks'' in the hopping network. As the field increases, the breaks become less resistive. In strong fields the breaks are overrun and the electron distribution function is driven far from equilibrum. The logarithm of the resistance initially shows a simple exponential drop with the field, followed by a logarithmic dependence, and finally, by an inverse square-root law.Comment: Version accepted to Phys. Rev. Let

ADDO: a comprehensive toolkit to detect, classify and visualise additive and non-additive Quantitative Trait Loci

MOTIVATION During the past decade, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been used to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying complex traits. However, most GWAS focus on additive genetic effects while ignoring non-additive effects, on the assumption that most QTL act additively. Consequently, QTLs driven by dominance and other non-additive effects could be overlooked. RESULTS We developed ADDO, a highly-efficient tool to detect, classify and visualise quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with additive and non-additive effects. ADDO implements a mixed-model transformation to control for population structure and unequal relatedness that accounts for both additive and dominant genetic covariance among individuals, and decomposes single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effects as either additive, partial dominant, dominant and over-dominant. A matrix multiplication approach is used to accelerate the computation: a genome scan on 13 million markers from 900 individuals takes about 5 hours with 10 CPUs. Analysis of simulated data confirms ADDO’s performance on traits with different additive and dominance genetic variance components. We showed two real examples in outbred rat where ADDO identified significant dominant QTL that were not detectable by an additive model. ADDO provides a systematic pipeline to characterize additive and non-additive QTL in whole genome sequence data, which complements current mainstream GWAS software for additive genetic effects. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION ADDO is customizable and convenient to install and provides extensive analytics and visualizations. The package is freely available online at https://github.com/LeileiCui/ADDO

Rebeliões escravas em Sergipe

Apesar da historiografia consagrada a Sergipe defender que os escravos eram aí melhor tratados do que na vizinha Bahia, nem por isto conformaram-se os cativos passivamente com a condição servil: entre 1808-1837 localizamos 17 referências as tentativas de revolta por parte não só da escravaria mas também das "gentes de cor" Neste artigo, analisamos as principals características destas rebeliões: local, liderança, objetivos, estratégia dos revoltosos e a reação dos donos do poder para debelar tais sedições populares. Although the historiography states that slaves in Sergipe received a better treatment than those in the neighbour Bahia, the former did not accept slavery passively: in the 1808-1837 period, seventeen cases were found of attempted rebellion, not only of slaves but also of "people of colour". This paper analyses the main characteristics of those uprisings, i.e., place,  leadership, objectives, rebels' strategies and the authorities' measures to subdue those popular revolts

Interplay of Peltier and Seebeck effects in nanoscale nonlocal spin valves

We have experimentally studied the role of thermoelectric effects in nanoscale nonlocal spin valve devices. A finite element thermoelectric model is developed to calculate the generated Seebeck voltages due to Peltier and Joule heating in the devices. By measuring the first, second and third harmonic voltage response non locally, the model is experimentally examined. The results indicate that the combination of Peltier and Seebeck effects contributes significantly to the nonlocal baseline resistance. Moreover, we found that the second and third harmonic response signals can be attributed to Joule heating and temperature dependencies of both Seebeck coefficient and resistivity.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

The Vector Analyzing Power in Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering

We compute the vector analyzing power (VAP) for the elastic scattering of transversely polarized electrons from protons at low energies using an effective theory of electrons, protons, and photons. We study all contributions through second order in $E/M$, where $E$ and $M$ are the electron energy and nucleon mass, respectively. The leading order VAP arises from the imaginary part of the interference of one- and two-photon exchange amplitudes. Sub-leading contributions are generated by the nucleon magnetic moment and charge radius as well as recoil corrections to the leading-order amplitude. Working to ${\cal O}(E/M)^2$, we obtain a prediction for $A_n$ that is free of unknown parameters and that agrees with the recent measurement of the VAP in backward angle $ep$ scattering.Comment: 24 pages, 11 figures. Typos fixe