Experimental researches of mechanoelectrical transformations in tashtagolsky iron-ore field rock

Physical modeling in lab is approach of definition of main mechanical transformations behaviours inrock massive for choice of electromagnetical signals optimum characteristics and parameters ofelectomagnetical emission for developed approach of crush burst estimate. It is support connection betweenmechanoelectrical transformations characteristics and stress strain state of researched object. Physical modelingof mechanoelectrical transformations in the lab was made under a press by axial quasistatic compression of rockspecimen up to destruction. During stressing applied injections of specimens using determined acoustic signals. For researches used model and real specimens of Tashtagolsky iron-ore field rock, such as ore and matrix rock

Many Body Theory of Charge Transfer in Hyperthermal Atomic Scattering

We use the Newns-Anderson Hamiltonian to describe many-body electronic processes that occur when hyperthermal alkali atoms scatter off metallic surfaces. Following Brako and Newns, we expand the electronic many-body wavefunction in the number of particle-hole pairs (we keep terms up to and including a single particle-hole pair). We extend their earlier work by including level crossings, excited neutrals and negative ions. The full set of equations of motion are integrated numerically, without further approximations, to obtain the many-body amplitudes as a function of time. The velocity and work-function dependence of final state quantities such as the distribution of ion charges and excited atomic occupancies are compared with experiment. In particular, experiments that scatter alkali ions off clean Cu(001) surfaces in the energy range 5 to 1600 eV constrain the theory quantitatively. The neutralization probability of Na$^+$ ions shows a minimum at intermediate velocity in agreement with the theory. This behavior contrasts with that of K$^+$, which shows ... (7 figures, not included. Figure requests: [email protected])Comment: 43 pages, plain TeX, BUP-JBM-

Disease heterogeneity of adult diabetes based on routine clinical parameters at diagnosis: Results from the German/Austrian DPV registry.

AIMS To cluster adults with diabetes using parameters from real-world clinical care at manifestation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We applied hierarchical clustering using Ward's method to 56,869 adults documented in the Prospective Diabetes Follow-up Registry (DPV). Clustering variables included age, sex, BMI, HbA1c, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), components of the metabolic syndrome (hypertension/dyslipidemia/hyperuricemia), and beta-cell antibody status. Time until use of oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD), use of insulin, chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), retinopathy, or neuropathy were assessed using Kaplan Meier analysis and Cox regression models. RESULTS We identified eight clusters: Four clusters comprised early diabetes onset (median age between 40 and 50 years), but differed with regard to BMI, HbA1c, DKA and antibody positivity. Two clusters included adults with diabetes onset in their early 60s who met target HbA1c, but differed in BMI and sex distribution. Two clusters were characterized by late diabetes onset (median age 69 and 77 years) and relatively low BMI, but differences in HbA1c. Earlier insulin use was observed in adults with high HbA1c, and earlier OAD use was observed in those with high BMI. Time until CKD or CVD was shorter in those with late onset, whereas retinopathy occurred earlier in adults with late onset and high HbA1c, and in adults with early onset, but high HbA1c and high percentage of antibody positivity. CONCLUSIONS Adult diabetes is heterogeneous beyond classical type 1/type 2 diabetes, based on easily available parameters in clinical practice using an automated clustering algorithm which allows both continuous and binary variables. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Link between Organ-specific Antigen Processing by 20S Proteasomes and CD8+ T Cell–mediated Autoimmunity

Adoptive transfer of cross-reactive HSP60-specific CD8+ T cells into immunodeficient mice causes autoimmune intestinal pathology restricted to the small intestine. We wondered whether local immunopathology induced by CD8+ T cells can be explained by tissue-specific differences in proteasome-mediated processing of major histocompatibility complex class I T cell epitopes. Our experiments demonstrate that 20S proteasomes of different organs display a characteristic composition of α and β chain subunits and produce distinct peptide fragments with respect to both quality and quantity. Digests of HSP60 polypeptides by 20S proteasomes show most efficient generation of the pathology related CD8+ T cell epitope in the small intestine. Further, we demonstrate that the organ-specific potential to produce defined T cell epitopes reflects quantities that are relevant for cytotoxic T lymphocyte recognition. We propose tissue-specific antigen processing by 20S proteasomes as a potential mechanism to control organ-specific immune responses

Introducing a pole concept for nodule growth in the thyroid gland: taller-than-wide shape, frequency, location and risk of malignancy of thyroid nodules in an area with iodine deficiency

Purpose : (i) To examine the criterion taller-than-wide (TTW) for the sonographic assessment of thyroid nodules in areas of iodine deficiency in terms of frequency, anatomical distribution within the thyroid gland and risk of malignancy. (ii) To develop a model for nodule growth in the thyroid gland. Methods: German multicenter study consisting of two parts. In the prospective part, thyroid nodules were sonographically measured in all three dimensions, location within the thyroid gland and contact to a protrusion-like formation (horn) in the dorsal position of thyroid gland was noted. In addition, further sonographic features such as the composition, echogenity, margins and calcifications were investigated. All nodules from the prospective part were assessed for malignancy as part of clinical routine at the decision of the treating physician adhering to institutionally based algorithms. In the retrospective part, only nodules with fine needle aspiration and/or histology were included. The risk of malignancy in TTW nodules was determined by correlating them with cyotological and histological results. Results: Prospective part: out of 441 consecutively evaluated thyroid nodules, 6 were found to be malignant (1.4%, 95% CI 0.6–2.7%). Among the 74 TTW nodules (17%), 1 was malignant (1%, 95% CI 0–4%). TTW nodules were more often located in the dorsal half of the thyroid than non-TTW nodules (factor 2.3, p = 0.01, 95% CI 2.1–2.5) and more often located in close proximity to a horn than non-TTW nodules (factor 3.0, p = 0.01, 95% CI 2.4–3.8). Retrospective part: out of 1315 histologically and/or cytologically confirmed thyroid nodules, 163 TTW nodules were retrieved and retrospectively analyzed. A TTW nodule was 1.7 times more often benign when it was dorsal (95% CI 1.1–2.5) and 2.5 times more often benign when it was associated with a horn (95% CI 1.2–5.3). The overall probability of malignancy for TTW nodules was 38% (95% CI 30–46%) in this highly preselected patient group. Conclusion: TTW nodules are common in iodine deficient areas. They are often located in the dorsal half of the thyroid gland and are frequently associated with a dorsal protrusion-like formation (horn) of the thyroid. Obviously, the shape of benign nodules follows distinct anatomical preconditions within the thyroid gland. The frequency of TTW nodules and their predominant benignity can be explained by a pole concept of goiter growth. The difference between the low malignancy risk of TTW nodules found on a prospective basis and the high risk found retrospectively may be the result of a positive preselection in the latter

Spatio-temporal Models of Lymphangiogenesis in Wound Healing

Several studies suggest that one possible cause of impaired wound healing is failed or insufficient lymphangiogenesis, that is the formation of new lymphatic capillaries. Although many mathematical models have been developed to describe the formation of blood capillaries (angiogenesis), very few have been proposed for the regeneration of the lymphatic network. Lymphangiogenesis is a markedly different process from angiogenesis, occurring at different times and in response to different chemical stimuli. Two main hypotheses have been proposed: 1) lymphatic capillaries sprout from existing interrupted ones at the edge of the wound in analogy to the blood angiogenesis case; 2) lymphatic endothelial cells first pool in the wound region following the lymph flow and then, once sufficiently populated, start to form a network. Here we present two PDE models describing lymphangiogenesis according to these two different hypotheses. Further, we include the effect of advection due to interstitial flow and lymph flow coming from open capillaries. The variables represent different cell densities and growth factor concentrations, and where possible the parameters are estimated from biological data. The models are then solved numerically and the results are compared with the available biological literature.Comment: 29 pages, 9 Figures, 6 Tables (39 figure files in total

Chronic non-specific low back pain - sub-groups or a single mechanism?

Copyright 2008 Wand and O'Connell; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Background: Low back pain is a substantial health problem and has subsequently attracted a considerable amount of research. Clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of a variety of interventions for chronic non-specific low back pain indicate limited effectiveness for most commonly applied interventions and approaches. Discussion: Many clinicians challenge the results of clinical trials as they feel that this lack of effectiveness is at odds with their clinical experience of managing patients with back pain. A common explanation for this discrepancy is the perceived heterogeneity of patients with chronic non-specific low back pain. It is felt that the effects of treatment may be diluted by the application of a single intervention to a complex, heterogeneous group with diverse treatment needs. This argument presupposes that current treatment is effective when applied to the correct patient. An alternative perspective is that the clinical trials are correct and current treatments have limited efficacy. Preoccupation with sub-grouping may stifle engagement with this view and it is important that the sub-grouping paradigm is closely examined. This paper argues that there are numerous problems with the sub-grouping approach and that it may not be an important reason for the disappointing results of clinical trials. We propose instead that current treatment may be ineffective because it has been misdirected. Recent evidence that demonstrates changes within the brain in chronic low back pain sufferers raises the possibility that persistent back pain may be a problem of cortical reorganisation and degeneration. This perspective offers interesting insights into the chronic low back pain experience and suggests alternative models of intervention. Summary: The disappointing results of clinical research are commonly explained by the failure of researchers to adequately attend to sub-grouping of the chronic non-specific low back pain population. Alternatively, current approaches may be ineffective and clinicians and researchers may need to radically rethink the nature of the problem and how it should best be managed