Eye tracking: empirical foundations for a minimal reporting guideline

In this paper, we present a review of how the various aspects of any study using an eye tracker (such as the instrument, methodology, environment, participant, etc.) affect the quality of the recorded eye-tracking data and the obtained eye-movement and gaze measures. We take this review to represent the empirical foundation for reporting guidelines of any study involving an eye tracker. We compare this empirical foundation to five existing reporting guidelines and to a database of 207 published eye-tracking studies. We find that reporting guidelines vary substantially and do not match with actual reporting practices. We end by deriving a minimal, flexible reporting guideline based on empirical research (Section "empirically based minimal reporting guideline")

Prediction of Target Motion Drives Oculomotor Response during Target Occlusions

Prediction of object motion allows overcoming of object occlusions in its trajectory. In this study pseudorandom target trajectory with occlusions of 500 ms was used. It was found that for a period up to 200 ms after target occlusion, oculomotor system was driven by a short-term memory of the pre-occlusion target motion trajectory. We conclude, that when visual system is no longer able to predict location of occluded target, there is a tendency to shift gaze away from previous target location, similarly, away from the edges of the screen. We suggest that this is due to probability, accumulated in long-term memory, which supports expectation that the target should reappear near the centre of the screen. This behaviour supports basic principles of Bayesian decision theory

Alternatyvus kompiuterio žymeklio perkėlimas esant didelės amplitudės žvilgsnio šuoliams.

The purpose of this research was to investigate alternative control of the computer cursor based on the application of large amplitude gaze shifts of the user. Instead of manual control, proposed algorithm redefines cursor to the new place on the computer screen, where eyesight of the user is directed. Amplitude and velocity of the saccadic eye movement of the user are used as input parameters for cursor redirection. Two options of the redirection of computer cursor: passive and active were investigated. During passive option, used for reading only, computer cursor is ready to appear in the new place onto computer screen but is not activated (not shows up) with the purpose not to disturb the vision. During passive mode, supplement manual input signal is used to activate computer cursor in the new position onto the screen. During active mode, computer cursor is always activated in the position, where eyesight of the user is directed. Experimental investigation of the new alternative method of cursor control was performed using eye tracker EyeGaze System produced by LC Technologies Ltd. and program, developed in our laboratory. The parameters of the program were optimized in the most comfortable way for the user. Effectiveness of the alternative cursor control during real visuo-motor tasks was investigated

Alternatyvus kompiuterio žymeklio perkėlimas esant didelės amplitudės žvilgsnio šuoliams.

The purpose of this research was to investigate alternative control of the computer cursor based on the application of large amplitude gaze shifts of the user. Instead of manual control, proposed algorithm redefines cursor to the new place on the computer screen, where eyesight of the user is directed. Amplitude and velocity of the saccadic eye movement of the user are used as input parameters for cursor redirection. Two options of the redirection of computer cursor: passive and active were investigated. During passive option, used for reading only, computer cursor is ready to appear in the new place onto computer screen but is not activated (not shows up) with the purpose not to disturb the vision. During passive mode, supplement manual input signal is used to activate computer cursor in the new position onto the screen. During active mode, computer cursor is always activated in the position, where eyesight of the user is directed. Experimental investigation of the new alternative method of cursor control was performed using eye tracker EyeGaze System produced by LC Technologies Ltd. and program, developed in our laboratory. The parameters of the program were optimized in the most comfortable way for the user. Effectiveness of the alternative cursor control during real visuo-motor tasks was investigated

Eye-Hand Coordination during Self-Moved Target Guiding Along Labyrinth Path

In this research eye-hand coordination during an oculo-manual tracking was investigated. In the first set of experiments, subjects were asked to elicit guiding a self-moved target (cursor) along labyrinth paths presented on the computer screen. Four various labyrinth paths with different complexity were used. Trajectories of the target, gaze and difference between them were recorded and tracking parameters were analyzed. Two different tracking strategies: Gaze Jumps (GJ) and Gaze moves smoothly (GMS) were defined. During GJ strategy gaze was focused on the future path and during GMS strategy eye tracked a target, which was self-moved by hand. In the second set of experiments, subjects were asked to draw labyrinths (LD) close to those used in the first experiments. During LD experiments gaze was always moving behind hand following target which was self-moved by hand. Ill. 5, bibl. 5, tabl. 4 (in English; abstracts in English and Lithuanian)