Growth performance, carcass composition, and immunophysiological indices in juvenile great sturgeon (Huso huso) fed on commercial prebiotic, Immunoster

Growth performance, carcass composition, and immunophysiological indices in juvenile great sturgeon (Huso huso) fed on commercial prebiotic Immunoster (IS) were investigated. After a four-week acclimatization period, 270 great sturgeon juveniles weighing 95.68 ± 10.05 g were randomly distributed into 9 fiberglass tanks in three replicates and kept at a density of 30 fish per tank for a period of 8 weeks at water temperature 20.55 ± 5.11ºC and dissolved oxygen 6.73 ± 0.35 mg L^-1. IS was added at two levels of 1% and 3% to the basal diet in place of cellulose. At the end of the trial, blood sampling and carcass analysis were conducted. Weight, length, body weight increase (BWI), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and condition factor (CF) were significantly affected by IS 3% compared with IS 1% and the control (P<0.05). There was significant difference (P<0.05) in crude protein of carcass between the experimental groups. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) showed significantly higher levels in experimental treatments compared with the control (P<0.05). Immunoglobulin M (IgM) level and lysozyme activity in IS 1% group were higher than the control group. It can be concluded that IS can enhance growth performance and improve some immunophysiological indices of great sturgeon

The effects of glucan on hematological parameters, immune response and intestinal microbiota of Rutilus frisii kutum fry

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dietary glucan on some haematological parameters, immune response and intestinal microbiota of Rutilus frisii kutum. In the present study, various levels of ingredient so called Hoplit (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%) containing glucan was added to a basal formulated diet. Twenty and five kutum fry with a mean (±SD) weight of 1.15±0.06g were stocked in each experimental tank (100 l capacity) filled with 80 liter of water. Fish were fed on experimental diet for 56 days and biometry was performed every 15 days. At the end of the trial blood samples were collected for measurement of haematological parameters including: Red and white blood cells count, differential count of white blood cells, hematocrit and hemoglobin, and innate immune factors (Immunoglobulin and Lysozyme). Fries in 1.5% treatment had highest serum immunoglobins (Ig) and eosinophil, although when compared with control but with no significant differences. Highest MCHC, hematocrit and hemoglobin were observed in the 0.5 and 1% treatments and the highest MCV and red blood cell count were in 0.5 percent treatment. The highest white blood cells count and neutrophils was observed in 2% treatment. The highest and lowest levels of lysozyme activity were observed in 1% and control treatments, respectively. Evaluation of the total bacteria and LAB counts revealed significant increase in 0.5% treatment. According to these results administration of dietary glucan can be considered for stimulation of innate immune response of white fish fry

Results of the Sophia module intercomparison part-1: stc, low irradiance conditions and temperature coefficients measurements of C-Si technologies

The results of a measurement intercomparison between eleven European laboratories measuring PV energy relevant parameters are reported. The purpose of the round-robin was to assess the uncertainty analyses of the participating laboratories on c-Si modules and to establish a baseline for the following thin-film round-robin. Alongside the STC measurements, low irradiance conditions (200W/m2) and temperature coefficients measurements were performed. The largest measurement deviation from the median at STC was for HIT modules from -3.6% to +2.7% in PMAX, but in agreement with the stated uncertainties of the participants. This was not the case for low irradiance conditions and temperature coefficients measurements with some partners underestimating their uncertainties. Larger deviations from the median from -5% to +3% in PMAX at low irradiance conditions and -6.6% to +18.3% for the PMAX temperature coefficient were observed. The main sources of uncertainties contributing to the spread in measurements were the RC calibration, mismatch factor and capacitive effects at STC and low irradiance conditions as well as the additional light inhomogeneity for the latter. The uncertainty in the junction temperature and the temperature deviation across the module were the major contributors for temperature coefficients measurements

Uncertainty in energy yield estimation based on C-Si module roundrobin results.

Results of the European FP7 Sophia project roundrobin of c-Si module power measurements at STC and low irradiance and temperature coefficients were used to calculate annual energy yield at four sites. The deviation in the estimates solely due to the different measurement results is reported, neglecting the uncertainty in the meteorological data and losses unrelated to the performed measurements. While minimising the deviation in Pmax measurements remains the key challenge, the low irradiance and temperature coefficient contributions are shown to be significant. Propagating the measurement deviation in c-Si module measurements would suggest that expanded uncertainty in energy yield due to module characterization alone can be as high as ±3-4%

A European proficiency test on thin film tandem photovoltaic devices

A round robin proficiency test RR PT on thin film multi junction MJ photovoltaic PV cells was run between 13 laboratories within the European project CHEETAH. Five encapsulated PV cells were circulated to participants for being tested at Standard Test Conditions STC . Three cells were a Si amp; 956;c Si tandem PV devices, each of which had a different short circuit current ratio between the top junction and the bottom one; the remaining two cells were single junction PV devices made with material representative of the individual junctions in the MJ cells. The RR PT s main purpose was to assess the capability of the participating laboratories, in terms of employed facilities and procedures, to test MJ PV devices. Therefore, participant

Quantifying Environmental Effects for Different Device Technologies Based on Proposed Energy Rating Standard

The most common parameter for comparison of photovoltaic (PV) modules is the output power at Standard Test Conditions (STC), which is a static set of test conditions which is reproducible under laboratory conditions but not necessarily a good indicator of operating performance in the field. Profitability of PV-systems has become more important and consequently the energy production or energy rating of modules. Therefore an easy to use energy comparator is required for industry, installers and customers. A method for the determination of module energy was proposed in the draft standard IEC 61853, which currently is under discussion. This paper investigates the importance of the different measurements suggested in the original draft on the absolute energy yield for three module technologies, thus providing a sensitivity analysis of the expected modelling accuracy.JRC.H.8-Renewable energie

PV Module Output Power Characterisation in Test Laboratories and in the PV Industry - Results of the European Performance Project

The EC-funded Integrated Project PERFORMANCE1 completed in December 2009 included a sub-project on the Traceable Performance Measurements of PV Devices devoted to improving the comparability of PV module power measurements between European test laboratories. The aim of the research work was to fill existing gaps of knowledge for defining specific measurement procedures for various PV technologies, to translate research results into best practice guidelines for PV industry and to provide input for standardisation working groups. To this end, various round-robin tests were conducted among test laboratories covering the range of commercially available crystalline silicon and thin-film PV modules. This paper presents the final results of our research work. It focuses on the progress achieved for PV module output power characterisation, but also sketches measurement problems remaining to be solved.JRC.DDG.F.8-Renewable Energy (Ispra

RESULTS OF THE SOPHIA MODULE INTERCOMPARISON PART-2: STC, LOW IRRADIANCE CONDITIONS AND TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS MEASUREMENTS OF THIN FILM TECHNOLOGIES

The results of a measurement intercomparison between seven European laboratories characterising PV modules are reported. The purpose of the round-robin was to support the development of better measurement practices for thin-film devices, to assess the uncertainty analyses of the participating laboratories on thin-film modules and assess the variability of preconditioning techniques between partners. Alongside the STC measurements, measurements at 200 W/m2 and temperature coefficients (TC) measurements were performed. The benchmarking c- Si modules PMAX measurements were within ±1.9% and in agreement with stated uncertainties. The preconditioned PMAX measurements were within ±2.2 and -1.7% to +3.1% for the two CIGS types and in agreement with stated uncertainties. Both electrical biasing and light soaking increased the PMAX of the modules to a similar extent. The Tandem and CdTe preconditioned STC measurements were within -6% to +5.4% and -7.9% to +11.9% respectively. The measurement deviation of the out-of-the-box measurements of the Tandem and CdTe modules was in general smaller than the preconditioned ones emphasising the need of further investigation of preconditioning procedures for these type of devices. The measurement deviation at low-irradiance was larger than at STC as expected. The relative PMAX TC (%/°C) measurements were within -16.7% and +12.6%. with the exception of one CIGS module type where the deviation was as large as ±33%. This larger deviation is attributed to short timescale metastability effects.JRC.F.7-Renewables and Energy Efficienc

European thin film tandem device proficiency test practical outcomes and preliminary results

Within the European FP7 project CHEETAH, a thin film tandem solar cell round robin proficiency test was conducted between 13 testing laboratories, plus the European Solar Test Installation ESTI of the European Commission s Joint Research Centre as reference laboratory. The purpose of this RR was to compare testing facilities and procedures of the involved partners against the reference measurement by ESTI. In total, five cells were measured. Three tandem devices a Si H c Si and a single junction device representing the top a Si H and the bottom c Si cells, respectively, were provided by one partner. All cells with active area of 1 cm2 were mounted in a standardised housing with connection sockets for I V measurements and a Pt 100 temperature sensor. The cells were initially stabilised and calibrated at ESTI and afterwards circulated. The characterisation was done by I V measurements at Standard Test Conditions and EQE measurements. ESTI checked and re calibrated the cells at the end of the RR before and after further stabilization. Here we report on some preliminary I V measurement results. A number of acquired or conversely still necessary improvements are discussed for the organisational point of view along with some measurement requirements that are still missing or that are not sufficient at many participating laboratorie