Removal of a common textile dye, navy blue (NB), from aqueous solutions by combined process of coagulation–flocculation followed by adsorption

The decolorization and removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of a textile dye, Navy blue CE-RN (NB), were investigated from aqueous solutions by combined process of coagulation–flocculation(C–F) and adsorption. Common coagulants (alum, lime, poly aluminum chloride (PACl), and ferric chloride) and clay montmorillonite (Mt) and nanomontmorillonite (NMt) were used in C–F and adsorption steps, respectively. The maximum COD and dye removal was observed by coagulant of PACl in the C–F process. The optimum conditions for dye removal by PACl were occurred by coagulant dose of 0.1 g/L at pH 6. In the adsorption process, the optimum contact times of 120 and 20 min were obtained for Mt and NMt, respectively. The findings indicated that the optimum conditions for the dye sorption were observed at pH 2 and the adsorbent dose 1.8 g/L. The sorption data also showed that the adsorption of NB onto the sorbents was better followed the pseudo-second order kinetic models. The dye and COD concentrations during the combined treatment process were decreased from 300 to 2–4.5 mg/L and from 732 to 2–35 mg/L, respectively. This indicates that the combined process of C–F followed by adsorption can be used as a proper alternative for the treatment of NB dye-containing wastewaters. © 2015 Balaban Desalination Publications. All rights reserved

Effect of anti-HIV activity of novel compounds 8-phenyl-4-quinolone containing different substituents at position 3

Background and Objective: HIV treatment influences the global health and finding new compounds against HIV virus is increased. This study was done to evaluate anti-HIV activity of 8-phenyl-4-quinolone derivatives containing different substituents at position 3. Methods: In this descriptive study, single cycle replicable (SCR) HIV Virions were produced by co-transfecting HEK 293T cells with pmzNL4-3, pSPAX.2, pMD2.G plasmids. HeLa cells were infected with the SCR virions and then inhibit of virus replication by compounds were measured by p24 Antigen with ELISA kit. The cytotoxicity of these compounds on HeLa cells were measured by XTT method. Results: All compounds including NPZ_4F, NPZ-2F, NPZ-4CL and NPZ-2CL had the best inhibitory effect at a concentration of 100µM with the inhibition rate of respectively 51%, 48%, 33%, and 25%, respectively. The compounds of NPZ-4F and NPZ-2CL had negligible cellular toxicity and have inhibited HIV replication at the highest concentration. This issue can make them a valuable compound since they are better compounds in therapeutic terms, which at a suitable concentration, they have the lowest rate of cellular toxicity and highest power to inhibit HIV replication. Conclusion: Novel compounds derived from 8-phenyl-4-quinolone containing different substituents at position 3 can prevent HIV replication which is capable of high anti-viral and low cellular toxicity and suitable candidates for further investigation in antiviral studies

Synthesis, Molecular Modelling and Biological Studies of 3-hydroxy-pyrane-4-one and 3-hydroxy-pyridine-4-one Derivatives as HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors

Background: Despite the progress in the discovery of antiretroviral compounds for treating HIV-1 infection by targeting HIV integrase (IN), a promising and well-known drug target against HIV-1, there is a growing need to increase the armamentarium against HIV, for avoiding the drug resistance issue. Objective: To develop novel HIV-1 IN inhibitors, a series of 3-hydroxy-pyrane-4-one (HP) and 3- hydroxy-pyridine-4-one (HPO) derivatives have been rationally designed and synthesized. Methods: To provide a significant characterization of the novel compounds, in-depth computational analysis was performed using a novel HIV-1 IN/DNA binary 3D-model for investigating the binding mode of the newly conceived molecules in complex with IN. The 3D-model was generated using the proto-type foamy virus (PFV) DNA as a structural template, positioning the viral polydesoxyribonucleic chain into the HIV-1 IN homology model. Moreover, a series of in vitro tests were performed including HIV-1 activity inhibition, HIV-1 IN activity inhibition, HIV-1 IN strand transfer activity inhibition and cellular toxicity. Results: Bioassay results indicated that most of HP analogues including HPa, HPb, HPc, HPd, HPe and HPg, showed favorable inhibitory activities against HIV-1-IN in the low micromolar range. Particularly halogenated derivatives (HPb and HPd) offered the best biological activities in terms of reduced toxicity and optimum inhibitory activities against HIV-1 IN and HIV-1 in cell culture. Conclusion: Halogenated derivatives, HPb and HPd, displayed the most promising anti-HIV profile, paving the way to the optimization of the presented scaffolds for developing new effective antiviral agents