Rosy Apple Aphid

NYS IPM Type: Fruits IPM Fact SheetThe rosy apple aphid (RAA) can be found throughout the apple growing regions of North America. In the spring, the aphids feed on apple leaves and fruits, and in the summer move to alternate hosts, such as narrow-leaved plantain. The RAA will attack all apple varieties, but varieties such as Cortland, Monroe, Rhode Island Greening, Ida Red, and Golden Delicious are particularly susceptible

Prediction of Apple Maggot Fly Emergence from Thermal Unit Accumulation

The minimum temperature threshold for the development of apple maggot pupae, Rhagoletis pomonella was 6.4°C. From 1951-75 the 1st flies emerged in cages over infested apples on the avg on June 15 near Highland, NY and on June 23 in Geneva, NY. The avg accumulated air temperature thermal units (T.U.'s) from Mar. 1 using a threshold of 6.4°C until 1st emergence were 614±53 and 641±48, respectively, at the 2 locations. The annual deviations between the actual first emergence and the date when the avg T.U.'s were accumulated ranged from 1-8 days with an avg of 3.5 at Geneva and from 1-14 days with an avg of 5-7 days at Highland. From 1975-77 the mean T.U. accumulation and the 99% confidence interval developed at Geneva was used to predict emergence in 5 locations in Wayne Co. The deviations between the observed emergence and dates in which the appropriate number of T.U.'s was accumulated averaged 3.5 and 0.8 days, respectivel

Insects Associated with Apple in the Mid-Atlantic States

The purpose of this report is to provide a record of insects associated with apple in four mid- Atlantic states, as of 1983-1984

Socio-economic status and overall and cause-specific mortality in Sweden

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Previous studies have reported discrepancies in cause-specific mortality among groups of individuals with different socio-economic status. However, most of the studies were limited by the specificity of the investigated populations and the broad definitions of the causes of death. The aim of the present population-based study was to explore the dependence of disease specific mortalities on the socio-economic status in Sweden, a country with universal health care. Another aim was to investigate possible gender differences.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using the 2006 update of the Swedish Family-Cancer Database, we identified over 2 million individuals with socio-economic data recorded in the 1960 national census. The association between mortality and socio-economic status was investigated by Cox's proportional hazards models taking into account the age, time period and residential area in both men and women, and additionally parity and age at first birth in women.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We observed significant associations between socio-economic status and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, to cancer and to endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases. The influence of socio-economic status on female breast cancer was markedly specific: women with a higher socio-economic status showed increased mortality due to breast cancer.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Even in Sweden, a country where health care is universally provided, higher socio-economic status is associated with decreased overall and cause-specific mortalities. Comparison of mortality among female and male socio-economic groups may provide valuable insights into the underlying causes of socio-economic inequalities in length of life.</p

The Effects of Ground Cover Manipulations on Pest and Predator Mite Populations on Apple in Eastern New York

In Eastern New York as well as in most other deciduous fruit growing regions of the world, herbicides are being used more frequently to eliminate weeds within the tree row. In addition to removal of the ground cover habitat, the herbicides may also be highly toxic to predator species (5,10). This study was initiated to investigate the effects differing ground cover management practices have on the predator/prey relationships found in New York apple orchards

A Green Approach to Separate Spinach Pigments by Column Chromatography

Chromatography has been a fundamental technique used for chemical separation that dates back to the 1850s. Specifically, column chromatography, typically taught in introductory organic chemistry laboratories, traditionally involves the use of halogenated or harmful solvents, which novice students often overuse. This situation runs contrary to the principles of responsible chemical and waste management emphasized by the green chemistry movement. Since this movement began, conventional means of separation using harmful solvents have been modified to emphasize the need for safer, less hazardous materials and the generation of such waste. The current experiment emphasizes the green chemical principles of renewable feedstocks and recycling to minimize waste, while simultaneously introducing or reinforcing common organic techniques, including solvent extraction, column chromatography, and thin-layer chromatography for the isolation and identification of photosynthetic pigments from spinach leaves. Students gain practical experience processing plant material to isolate and identify the pigments, β-carotene, xanthophylls, and chlorophyll a, using the solvents hexane and acetone. This experiment was designed for use as a standalone single-session lab or, alternatively, it can be coupled with an experiment to recycle waste acetone to further emphasize sustainable practices