1,919 research outputs found
Frequency-Tunable Josephson Junction Resonator for Quantum Computing
We have fabricated and measured a high-Q Josephson junction resonator with a
tunable resonance frequency. A dc magnetic flux allows the resonance frequency
to be changed by over 10 %. Weak coupling to the environment allows a quality
factor of 7000 when on average less than one photon is stored in the
resonator. At large photon numbers, the nonlinearity of the Josephson junction
creates two stable oscillation states. This resonator can be used as a tool for
investigating the quality of Josephson junctions in qubits below the single
photon limit, and can be used as a microwave qubit readout at high photon
numbers.Comment: 3 pages, 5 figure
Improving broadband displacement detection with quantum correlations
Interferometers enable ultrasensitive measurement in a wide array of
applications from gravitational wave searches to force microscopes. The role of
quantum mechanics in the metrological limits of interferometers has a rich
history, and a large number of techniques to surpass conventional limits have
been proposed. In a typical measurement configuration, the tradeoff between the
probe's shot noise (imprecision) and its quantum backaction results in what is
known as the standard quantum limit (SQL). In this work we investigate how
quantum correlations accessed by modifying the readout of the interferometer
can access physics beyond the SQL and improve displacement sensitivity.
Specifically, we use an optical cavity to probe the motion of a silicon nitride
membrane off mechanical resonance, as one would do in a broadband displacement
or force measurement, and observe sensitivity better than the SQL dictates for
our quantum efficiency. Our measurement illustrates the core idea behind a
technique known as \textit{variational readout}, in which the optical readout
quadrature is changed as a function of frequency to improve broadband
displacement detection. And more generally our result is a salient example of
how correlations can aid sensing in the presence of backaction.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure
Quantum nondemolition measurement of a nonclassical state of a massive object
While quantum mechanics exquisitely describes the behavior of microscopic
systems, one ongoing challenge is to explore its applicability to systems of
larger size and mass. Unfortunately, quantum states of increasingly macroscopic
objects are more easily corrupted by unintentional measurements from the
classical environment. Additionally, even the intentional measurements from the
observer can further perturb the system. In optomechanics, coherent light
fields serve as the intermediary between the fragile mechanical states and our
inherently classical world by exerting radiation pressure forces and extracting
mechanical information. Here we engineer a microwave cavity optomechanical
system to stabilize a nonclassical steady-state of motion while independently,
continuously, and nondestructively monitoring it. By coupling the motion of an
aluminum membrane to two microwave cavities, we separately prepare and measure
a squeezed state of motion. We demonstrate a quantum nondemolition (QND)
measurement of sub-vacuum mechanical quadrature fluctuations. The techniques
developed here have direct applications in the areas of quantum-enhanced
sensing and quantum information processing, and could be further extended to
more complex quantum states.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
The integrated dynamic land use and transport model MARS
Cities worldwide face problems like congestion or outward migration of businesses. The involved transport and land use interactions require innovative tools. The dynamic Land Use and Transport Interaction model MARS (Metropolitan Activity Relocation Simulator) is part of a structured decision making process. Cities are seen as self organizing systems. MARS uses Causal Loop Diagrams from Systems Dynamics to explain cause and effect relations. MARS has been benchmarked against other published models. A user friendly interface has been developed to support decision makers. Its usefulness was tested through workshops in Asia. This paper describes the basis, capabilities and uses of MARS
Parametric coupling between macroscopic quantum resonators
Time-dependent linear coupling between macroscopic quantum resonator modes
generates both a parametric amplification also known as a {}"squeezing
operation" and a beam splitter operation, analogous to quantum optical systems.
These operations, when applied properly, can robustly generate entanglement and
squeezing for the quantum resonator modes. Here, we present such coupling
schemes between a nanomechanical resonator and a superconducting electrical
resonator using applied microwave voltages as well as between two
superconducting lumped-element electrical resonators using a r.f.
SQUID-mediated tunable coupler. By calculating the logarithmic negativity of
the partially transposed density matrix, we quantitatively study the
entanglement generated at finite temperatures. We also show that
characterization of the nanomechanical resonator state after the quantum
operations can be achieved by detecting the electrical resonator only. Thus,
one of the electrical resonator modes can act as a probe to measure the
entanglement of the coupled systems and the degree of squeezing for the other
resonator mode.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, submitte
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