Social Determinants of Malaria in the Working Area of Puput Public Health Services, West Bangka

Background : Malaria is a preventable and curable disease and yet more than one million people die from it each year. It is a disease that significantly affects the poor who have economic, social and educational deprivation. Malaria is also a disease that flourishes in conditions of crisis and population displacement (Oxfam, 2008). The Working Area of Puput Public Health Services is an ​​high malaria-endemic area with API 43.92 ‰ in 2011 and was the highest in the west Bangka district. The purpose of this study was to determine the major social determinants of health as risk factors of malaria occurance in the working area of puput Public Health Services at west Bangka district in 2012. Methods: The design of this study was the unmatched case control with population based case-control and purposive sampling, respondents consisted of 58 cases and 58 controls selected from the reported malaria positive patients based on laboratory test results in puput Public Health Services in 2012. Data processed with SPSS 19 program. The statistical analysis was carried out by the chi-square test and logistic regression: a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Result : Variable that were associated with incidence of malaria is housing conditions (p=<0,001), Environmental conditions (p=<0,001), working conditions (p=0,001), habits going out at night (p=<0,001), malaria prevention behaviors (p=<0,001), health services (p=0,007) and migration (p= 0,004). There was no association between socioeconomic (p=0,266) with incidence of malaria. Logistic regression analysis showed that the variables that are risk factors for malaria is the habit of going out at night (adjusted OR: 6,7; 95% CI: 1,6-28,4), environmental conditions (adjusted OR: 5,6; 95% CI: 1,2-25,5) and malaria prevention behaviors (adjusted OR: 4,1; 95% CI: 1,4-11,9). Conclusion : Improve malaria control with increase education, use of insecticidal nets by people at risk, indoor residual spraying (IRS) with insecticide to control the vector mosquitoes, and policy on the provision of malaria drug to prevention in immigrant population. health insurance that covers immigrants

Primary Sjogren's syndrome : rarity in India

Objective : Primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is rarely reported from India. We have studied the clinical spectrum and immunological profile of patients with primary SS. Methods : A prospective analysis of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome fulfilling San Francisco criteria, seen at our clinic in the last 10 years was carried out. Results : The study included 26 patients, 21 being women. The presenting symptoms included dry eyes, dry mouth, and arthritis/ arthralgia. Extra-glandular manifestations were glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, renal tubular acidosis and peripheral neuropathy. The important laboratory abnormalities were hypergammaglobulinaemia (16/20), antinuclear antibodies (18/26), anti-La (11/19) and anti-Ro (10/19). Minor salivary gland provided a definitive diagnosis in 16/26 (60%). Conclusion : The prevalence of primary Sjogren's syndrome is rare even in tertiary care rheumatology clinics. The clinical and immunological profile as seen here is similar to that reported in Western countries

Internal derangement of the knee in physically demanding occupations: A rapid review

Aim: To identify and review studies reporting on occupational risk factors for the occurrence of internal derangement of the knee (IDK) in physically demanding occupations.Design: Systematic review of the literature.Method: This review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search of seven databases was performed using terms derived from three concepts: ‘risk’, ‘paid occupations’, and ‘IDK’.Results: One article met the eligibility criteria. Findings revealed that male Turkish military personnel with IDK that was secondary to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures, managed without reconstruction, and who continued their regular military duties following ACL rupture, had a high prevalence of additional intra- articular lesions. A moderate positive correlation was found between the time from the initial ACL rupture and the presence of at least one additional intra-articular lesion (rs = 0.574; p = 0.0001). Additionally, individuals aged 30 years and older were at slightly greater risk than their younger peers.Conclusion: These findings suggest that the occupational demands to which Turkish military personnel are exposed are associated with IDK developing and worsening over time after ACL rupture as military duties continue.</div

The effects of early physiotherapy treatment on musculoskeletal injury outcomes in military personnel: A narrative review

The risks and incidence rates of musculoskeletal injuries among military personnel are high, and the importance of physiotherapy in treating these injuries is well established. However, what is less clear is whether the timing of commencement of physiotherapy treatment affects musculoskeletal injury outcomes in military personnel. This lack of clarity is exacerbated by the known underreporting of injuries among military personnel, and the resulting self-management of musculoskeletal injuries using analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories and other means. This narrative review was designed to identify and synthesize current evidence regarding the effects of timing of physiotherapy treatment on musculoskeletal injury outcomes, focusing on potential benefits of early versus typical or delayed commencement of physiotherapy treatment. Overall, current evidence suggests early physiotherapy treatment of musculoskeletal injuries offers distinct advantages over typical or delayed commencement of physiotherapy treatment in military settings. Specifically, it appears early treatment expedites recovery in early phases following injury onset and benefits longer term mental health and well-being. It may also reduce the need for more invasive and costly health care interventions and enable earlier return to training and operational service. Importantly, a cultural shift within military contexts to ensure early reporting of musculoskeletal injuries is required if the benefits of early commencement of physiotherapy treatment are to be achieved

The incidence and risk factors for the development of fractures in military recruits and qualified personnel: A rapid review

Aim: To identify and synthesise findings from studies reporting on the incidence of, and risk factors for, traumatic fractures in military personnel.Design: Rapid reviewMethods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, EBSCO, CINAHL and ProQuest databases were systematically searched using key terms derived from the following concepts: ‘fractures’, ‘work’ and ‘risk’. Key findings from the included studies were extracted and tabulated, including risk factors, incidence and risk ratios.Results: Twenty-eight studies were included, with four studies reporting on recruit/trainees and 24 reporting on qualified military personnel. Recruit incidence ranged from 7.7 – 29.5 cases per 1,000 person-years, while incidence in qualified personnel ranged from 1.9 – 57.6 cases per 1,000 person-years. Enlisted personnel, younger service members (18 – 29 years), and personnel of Army and Marines Corp branches were at increased risk. Fractures predominantly occurred in the lower extremities, although the hands were often a site of traumatic fracture. Risk factors and mechanisms identified for traumatic fractures included NSAID use, sports, physical training, motor vehicle accidents, collisions, blasts from improvised explosive devices, and gunshots, often in combat settings.Conclusion: The findings highlight the incidence of fractures in recruits and qualified military personnel, and identify a range of risk factors in military environments

Anti-Lipid Peroxidation Activities of Three Selected Fruits Juices Against Cadmium Induced Liver Damage in Vitro

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metal. Numerous tissues both in vitro and in vivo suggest that Cd induced lipid peroxidation. The presence of antioxidant can inhbit this process. This present study was designed to determine the effects of mango, papaya, and banana juices on on malondi aldehyde levels (MDA, product of cellular lipid peroxidation) during Cd exposure in vitro. Significant differences was observed between three selected fruits juices and MDA levels and also between concentration of fruits juices and MDA levels. The highest correlation was found between banana juices and MDA levels with IC50 1,12, and followed by papaya and mango juices with IC 50 1,37 and 3,87 respectively. The findings of this study suggest that the three selected fruits juices may exert its protective action against Cd-induced lipid peroxidation in liver homogenate in vitro possibly through its antioxidant mechanism.Key WordCadmium, Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidant Activity and Fruits Juice

Analysis of Student Perceptions of Teacher Quality and Learning Environment as Predictors of Learning Motivation in High Schools

Learning is an activity that is very important to carry out, especially for high school students. In practice, the student’s motivation often determines success in learning. Therefore, high school students’ motivation needs to be increased to study well. The researcher was then interested in seeing how high school students’ perceptions of teacher quality and learning environment affect their motivation to learn. This research will be carried out using a descriptive qualitative approach. The data to be used in this study comes from various research results and previous studies, which still have relevance to the discussion in this study. The results of this study then found that teacher quality can increase learning motivation for high school students. This is because a good teacher will make it easier for high school students to understand what they are learning, so learning motivation will increase even higher. Then a good learning environment can also increase high school students learning motivation. This is because, with a few distractions, students can focus on learning well. The learning process at home through e-learning often causes a learning environment full of distractions, so high school students learning motivation decreases extensively

KASERIA dan Upgrading Kader sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Hygiene Sanitasi dan Pengetahuan Masyarakat di Kabupaten Bogor

Latar Belakang: Berdasarkan data dari Kemenkes RI pada tahun 2014, penyakit dapat ditularkan melalui makanan (foodborne disease) dan diare karena penularan lewat air (waterborne disease) diperkirakan menyebabkan 2 juta kematian setiap tahunnya. Penyakit ini umumnya bersifat toksik maupun infeksius, disebabkan oleh agen penyakit yang masuk ke dalam tubuh melalui konsumsi makanan yang sudah terkontaminasi.Tujuan: Meningkatkan hygiene sanitasi makanan di kantin sekolah SD Negeri Babakan Madang 01 Kabupaten Bogor serta meningkatkan pengetahuan terkait posbindu khususnya terhadap lansia.Metode: Melakukan analisis situasi, prioritas masalah, pengembangan instrumen, dan survei determinan penyebab rendahnya perilaku hygiene dan sanitasi. Pelaksanaan intervensi dilakukan kepada masyarakat di Desa Babakan Madang dengan pemberian poster dan video simulasi. Kemudian dilakukan penilaian melalui post-test untuk mengukur tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat setelah dilakukan intervensi.Hasil: Rendahnya perilaku hygiene dan sanitasi di Desa Babakan Madang disebabkan oleh kurangnya pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat terhadap pentingnya menerapkan PHBS dan meningkatkan sanitasi lingkungan, terutama makanan. Setelah dilakukan kegiatan intervensi, diberikan penilaian melalui post-test untuk mengukur tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat Desa Babakan Madang.Simpulan: Berdasarkan penilaian melalui post-test kepada 33 responden setelah kegiatan intervensi, diperoleh peningkatan skor pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat terhadap pentingnya hygiene dan sanitasi makanan untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan