Inelastic neutron scattering for investigating the dynamics of confined glass forming liquids

Inelastic neutron scattering was employed over recent years to investigate the influence of spatial confinement on the dynamics of glass-forming systems. We review the common phenomena observed by neutron scattering in such different confining hosts like porous glasses, molecular sieves, clays or free standing polymer films, which impose a spatial limitation to the motion of small organic molecules, oligomers or polymers. Near the glass transition temperature the mean squared displacements of the confined molecules show clear deviations from the bulk behavior. The observed increase or decrease of the mean squared displacements confirms the high relevance of the interface interaction near walls of confining media without excluding additional real confinement effects. We show a new comparison of the mean squared displacement for PDMS and PMPS in bulk and in different type of restricting geometries, which evidence a weak influence of the restricting geometry on the local methyl group motion, but a strong influence on the glass transition dynamics, if wall interactions are taken into account. Strong wall interaction is also supported by the intermediate scattering function, measured either by combining neutron backscattering and time-of-flight experiments to cover 3 decades in time from ns to ps or by neutron spin echo, which reveal above T-g an increasing elastic fraction with decreasing pore size and a slowing down of the dynamics. Furthermore we show that a reduction of modes below the Boson peak frequency is a more general feature of confined glass-forming systems. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Psychosomatische Diagnostik und Beratung/Therapie bei Fertilitaetsstoerungen. 'Heidelberger Kinderwunsch-Sprechstunde' -Psychosomatische Beratung von Paaren mit unerfuelltem Kinderwunsch. Teilprojekt 1: 'Fortbildung' und Teilprojekt 2 'Beratung' Schlussbericht

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F01B1762+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung, Berlin (Germany)DEGerman

Entwicklung eines psychosomatischen Beratungskonzepts fuer Paare mit unerfuelltem Kinderwunsch - Heidelberger Kinderwunsch-Sprechstunde Teilprojekt 2.3: Psychosomatische Diagnostik und Beratung/Therapie bei Fertilitaetsstoerungen. Schlussbericht

Studies on psychological aspects of infertility, especially medically unexplained infertility, brought controversy results. The effects of psychological counselling were not known. In the study 'Heidelberg Fertility Consultation Service' 537 infertile couples were examined via psychological questionnaires. 175 couples came to psychological counselling, 25 couples to short-term coupletherapy. Couples with unexplained infertility showed no remarkable differences to couples with other diagnosisses or a representative population. The effects of counselling on variables concerning suffering from the unfulfilled wish for a child could be shown. These effects were stronger for female patients than for male patients and stronger for coupletherapy than for counselling. For the group of couples which suffer from infertility psychological counselling is essential. Psychological basic competences in assisted reproduction techniques are necessary. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F98B221 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman