Measuring perceived quality of life to assess health needs among people with MS: a community study in Derbyshire, UK

Background: To determine the health needs of people with multiple sclerosis living in the Southern Derbyshire region of the UK, using a quality of life postal questionnaire. Methods: This was a population-based survey using a postal questionnaire comprising the 54-item Multiple Sclerosis Qual-ity of life questionnaire (MSQOL-54), Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and some additional demo-graphic questions. A postal questionnaire was sent via 40 health practices (50% of general practitioners) in Southern Derby-shire to all patients diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis confirmed by a neurologist."Results: Two hundred and one completed questionnaires (from 223 respondents) were returned using pre-paid postage. Respondents were divided into those with mild (41%), moderate (36%) and severe (23%) disability on the basis of their ADL scores. Seventy seven percent (155) of respondents were women. The POQL mean scores for three groups of mild, moderate and severe disability were 12.0±2.8, 9.5±3.0, and 8.0±3.5 (out of 17), respectively. The regression model showed a relationship between disability scores and POQL scores (Beta=0.58, P= 0.000). Conclusion: For the three groups of disabled people, different priorities emerged in relation to POQL, indicating that ser-vices seeking to improve quality of life in these groups must identify and target the relevant issues appropriately and be sensi-tive to the differing requirements reported by individuals at different levels of disability. Studies of this type are becom-ing increasingly important for determining which outcomes should be measured when evaluating interventions de-signed to maintain well-being and protect the health of patients with MS

Measuring perceived quality of life to assess health needs among people with MS: a community study in Derbyshire, UK

Background: To determine the health needs of people with multiple sclerosis living in the Southern Derbyshire region of the UK, using a quality of life postal questionnaire. Methods: This was a population-based survey using a postal questionnaire comprising the 54-item Multiple Sclerosis Qual-ity of life questionnaire (MSQOL-54), Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and some additional demo-graphic questions. A postal questionnaire was sent via 40 health practices (50% of general practitioners) in Southern Derby-shire to all patients diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis confirmed by a neurologist."Results: Two hundred and one completed questionnaires (from 223 respondents) were returned using pre-paid postage. Respondents were divided into those with mild (41%), moderate (36%) and severe (23%) disability on the basis of their ADL scores. Seventy seven percent (155) of respondents were women. The POQL mean scores for three groups of mild, moderate and severe disability were 12.0±2.8, 9.5±3.0, and 8.0±3.5 (out of 17), respectively. The regression model showed a relationship between disability scores and POQL scores (Beta=0.58, P= 0.000). Conclusion: For the three groups of disabled people, different priorities emerged in relation to POQL, indicating that ser-vices seeking to improve quality of life in these groups must identify and target the relevant issues appropriately and be sensi-tive to the differing requirements reported by individuals at different levels of disability. Studies of this type are becom-ing increasingly important for determining which outcomes should be measured when evaluating interventions de-signed to maintain well-being and protect the health of patients with MS

Measuring Perceived Quality of Life to Assess Health Needs among People with MS: A Community Study in Derbyshire, UK

"nBackground: To determine the health needs of people with multiple sclerosis living in the Southern Derbyshire region of the UK, using a quality of life postal questionnaire."nMethods: This was a population-based survey using a postal questionnaire comprising the 54-item Multiple Sclerosis Qual­ity of life questionnaire (MSQOL-54), Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and some additional demo­graphic questions. A postal questionnaire was sent via 40 health practices (50% of general practitioners) in Southern Derby­shire to all patients diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis confirmed by a neurologist."nResults: Two hundred and one completed questionnaires (from 223 respondents) were returned using pre-paid postage. Respondents were divided into those with mild (41%), moderate (36%) and severe (23%) disability on the basis of their ADL scores. Seventy seven percent (155) of respondents were women. The POQL mean scores for three groups of mild, moderate and severe disability were 12.0±2.8, 9.5±3.0, and 8.0±3.5 (out of 17), respectively. The regression model showed a relationship between disability scores and POQL scores (Beta=0.58, P= 0.000)."nConclusion: For the three groups of disabled people, different priorities emerged in relation to POQL, indicating that ser­vices seeking to improve quality of life in these groups must identify and target the relevant issues appropriately and be sensi­tive to the differing requirements reported by individuals at different levels of disability. Studies of this type are becom­ing increasingly important for determining which outcomes should be measured when evaluating interventions de­signed to maintain well-being and protect the health of patients with MS

General anesthetics on immune system cytokines: A narrative review article

Context: According to the previous studies, general anesthesia influences the immune system. Evaluating such impacts on the immune system helps to improve the management of anesthesia. Evidence Acquisition: The current review aimed to summarize the literature related to the effects of general anesthesia agents on the cytokines. Google Scholar, PubMed, and ISI/Web of Sciences databases were searched using the following keywords: cytokine, general anesthesia, immune response, intravenous anesthetics, volatile anesthetics, opioids, benzodiazepines, and controlled ventilation. Results: Long-term administration of general anesthesia drugs, due to their effects on cytokines, can lead to disease progression in patients with immune deficiency. Due to the conflicting results of various studies and the increasing number of patients with immune deficiency, the choice of the appropriate general anesthesia agents facilitates achieving the more favorable function of the cytokines. Conclusions: It seems that the effect of general anesthesia on the immune system in healthy patients and short-term surgeries is not considerable and changes in the immune system are related to surgical trauma, particularly in major surgery. © 2020, Author(s)

Determining factors affecting deaths caused by traffic accidents in the south of Kerman Province

Background and Objectives: To preventing deaths, it is essential to recognize factors affecting the survival of road accident victims. This study was conducted to identify the factors affecting the mortality of road accident victims.   Methods: All pre-emergency mission forms and hospital records of road accident victims were analyzed. The dependent variable was the time interval between the accident and death or discharge from hospital. The forms included demographic variables, accident location, injury status, type of vehicle, type of trauma, mission time, and vital signs.   Results: Of 8920 injured persons, death occurred in 143 (95% CI: 0.014-0.019). Being over 65 years (Hazard Ratio (HR) 7.6, 95% CI: 3.14-18.4), accident on the main roads (HR 1.44, 95% CI: 0.6-3.5), tracheal intubation (HR 26.4, 95% CI: 3.05-227.6), a systolic and diastolic blood pressure above 100 (HR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.4-0.12) and 70 mm Hg (HR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.24-1.2), and heart rate>100/min (HR 3.0, 95% CI: 1.7-5.1) were associated with the risk of death.   Conclusion: In providing services, age, status of blood pressure, pulse, injury status, and type of trauma can affect the patients’ survival

Effect of different anesthetic techniques on cytokine gene expression in patients who underwent elective cesarean section

Cesarean section (CS) is an important challenge for a pregnant woman and her newborn. The most common anesthesia techniques used for CS are general anesthesia (GA) and spinal anesthesia (SA). This study was designed to compare the modulation of genes whose expression level is indicative of the immune system following exposure to GA and SA. The present study was performed on 40 women who were scheduled for elective CS receiving GA or SA. The expression levels of the relative mRNA of Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, Interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor growth factor (TGF)-β before anesthesia (T0) and 24 hours post-anesthesia (T1) were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Twenty-four hours post-anesthesia, the expression levels of IL-10, IL-17, and IFN-γ genes were decreased while the expressions of IL-4, IL-6, and TGF-β genes were upregulated in two groups, however, the differences were not significant. The mRNA level of IL-4 was increased in the SA group significantly. The post-CS mRNA levels of IL-4 in the SA group may indicate that SA is more appropriate than GA for the initiation of tissue repair pathways. Copyright© December 2020, Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. All rights reserved