Agreement between DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria for opioid use disorders in two Iranian samples

The aim of this study was to determine the agreement between the two systems in opioid users in the general population and a clinical sample. Two series of data were used in this study. The first was the data of 236 home-residing opioid abusers aged 15-64, who had previously participated in the Iran Mental Health Survey (IranMHS) in 2011, and the second was the data of 104 general psychiatry patients from inpatient or outpatient wards of two psychiatry hospitals in Tehran. Opioid use disorders were evaluated with CIDI-version 2.1. The disorders were assessed in all participants who used opioid substances for at least 5 times during the past 12. months. In the sample from the general population, the agreement between the two systems on the diagnosis of dependence was excellent (0.81). The agreement between the two systems on the diagnosis of abuse and harmful use was 0.41. In the clinical sample, the agreement between the two systems on the diagnosis of dependence or any opioid use disorder was 0.96 and 0.93, respectively. The agreement between abuse and harmful use was 0.9 and - 0.02 with and without regarding hierarchy, respectively. The inter-rater reliability of both DSM-IV and ICD-10 systems for all diagnosis was more than 0.95. The results of the diagnosis of dependence in the two systems had a weak concordance with treatment. The diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV and ICD-10 regarding dependence are very similar and the diagnosis produced by each system is concordant with the other system. However, the two systems have noticeable discrepancies in the diagnosis of abuse and harmful use. The discrepancies result from their conceptual differences and necessitate further revision in the definition of these disorders in the two systems. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd

A review on in vivo and in vitro nanotoxicological studies in plants: A headlight for future targets

Owing to the unique properties and useful applications in numerous fields, nanomaterials (NMs) received a great attention. The mass production of NMs has raised major concern for the environment. Recently, some altered growth patterns in plants have been reported due to the plant-NMs interactions. However, for NMs safe applications in agriculture and medicine, a comprehensive understanding of bio-nano interactions is crucial. The main goal of this review article is to summarize the results of the toxicological studies that have shown the in vitro and in vivo interactions of NMs with plants. The toxicity mechanisms are briefly discussed in plants as the defense mechanism works to overcome the stress caused by NMs implications. Indeed, the impact of NMs on plants varies significantly with many factors including physicochemical properties of NMs, culture media, and plant species. To investigate the impacts, dose metrics is an important analysis for assaying toxicity and is discussed in the present article to broadly open up different aspects of nanotoxicological investigations. To access reliable quantification and measurement in laboratories, standardized methodologies are crucial for precise dose delivery of NMs to plants during exposure. Altogether, the information is significant to researchers to describe restrictions and future perspectives. © 2020 The Author

A review on in vivo and in vitro nanotoxicological studies in plants: A headlight for future targets

Owing to the unique properties and useful applications in numerous fields, nanomaterials (NMs) received a great attention. The mass production of NMs has raised major concern for the environment. Recently, some altered growth patterns in plants have been reported due to the plant-NMs interactions. However, for NMs safe applications in agriculture and medicine, a comprehensive understanding of bio-nano interactions is crucial. The main goal of this review article is to summarize the results of the toxicological studies that have shown the in vitro and in vivo interactions of NMs with plants. The toxicity mechanisms are briefly discussed in plants as the defense mechanism works to overcome the stress caused by NMs implications. Indeed, the impact of NMs on plants varies significantly with many factors including physicochemical properties of NMs, culture media, and plant species. To investigate the impacts, dose metrics is an important analysis for assaying toxicity and is discussed in the present article to broadly open up different aspects of nanotoxicological investigations. To access reliable quantification and measurement in laboratories, standardized methodologies are crucial for precise dose delivery of NMs to plants during exposure. Altogether, the information is significant to researchers to describe restrictions and future perspectives. © 2020 The Author

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA): From production to nanoarchitecture

Among many biodegradable and biocompatible biopolymers, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), generated by microorganisms, have highly attracted attention in various fields due to their unique physicochemical properties. So far, various types of progresses have been made in environmental and engineering fields by employing PHAs. Recently, employing PHAs for nanoarchitecture has become a newly emerging trend among researchers. The intrinsic nature of PHAs has dragged them towards fabrication of nanoparticles and nanocomposites. PHAs integration with nanoparticles has been vastly noted and applied in various areas such as drug delivery, antibacterial agents and bioengineering. Here, a brief review is given to how PHAs act and are produced by microorganisms, demonstrating their properties and finally, their most recent applications are discussed in nanoarchitecture and the ways they are manipulated in the fabrication of nanomaterials. This review can shed light on the exhaustive understanding of PHA capability in nanoarchitectural basics toward the development of advanced nanomaterials in many fields such as medicine, catalysis, sensor, and adsorbents. © 2018 Elsevier B.V

Impact of Bioresorbable Scaffold Design Characteristics on Local Hemodynamic Forces - An Ex Vivo Assessment With Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations

AIMS:Bioresorbable scaffold (BRS) regions exposed to flow recirculation, low time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) and high oscillatory shear index (OSI) develop increased neointima tissue. We investigated haemodynamic features in four different BRSs. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fantom (strut height [SH] = 125 µm), Fantom Encore (SH = 98 µm), Absorb (SH = 157 µm) and Magmaris (SH = 150 µm) BRSs were deployed in phantom tubes and imaged with microCT. Both 2D and 3D geometrical scaffold models were reconstructed. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was performed to compute TAWSS and OSI. Thicker struts had larger recirculation zones and lower TAWSS in 2D. Absorb had the largest recirculation zone and the lowest TAWSS (240 µm and −0.18 Pa), followed by Magmaris (170 µm and −0.15 Pa), Fantom (140 µm and −0.14 Pa) and Fantom Encore (100 µm and −0.13 Pa). Besides strut size, stent design played a dominant role in 3D. The highest percentage area adverse TAWSS (0.2) were found for Fantom (56% and 30%) and Absorb (53% and 33%), followed by Fantom Encore (30% and 25%) and Magmaris (25% and 20%). Magmaris had the smallest areas due to a small footprint and rounded struts. CONCLUSIONS: Due to stent design, both Fantom Encore and Magmaris showed smaller TAWSS and OSI than Fantom and Absorb. This study quantifies which scaffold features are most important to reduce long-term restenosis

Impact of Bioresorbable Scaffold Design Characteristics on Local Hemodynamic Forces - An Ex Vivo Assessment With Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations

AIMS:Bioresorbable scaffold (BRS) regions exposed to flow recirculation, low time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) and high oscillatory shear index (OSI) develop increased neointima tissue. We investigated haemodynamic features in four different BRSs. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fantom (strut height [SH] = 125 µm), Fantom Encore (SH = 98 µm), Absorb (SH = 157 µm) and Magmaris (SH = 150 µm) BRSs were deployed in phantom tubes and imaged with microCT. Both 2D and 3D geometrical scaffold models were reconstructed. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was performed to compute TAWSS and OSI. Thicker struts had larger recirculation zones and lower TAWSS in 2D. Absorb had the largest recirculation zone and the lowest TAWSS (240 µm and −0.18 Pa), followed by Magmaris (170 µm and −0.15 Pa), Fantom (140 µm and −0.14 Pa) and Fantom Encore (100 µm and −0.13 Pa). Besides strut size, stent design played a dominant role in 3D. The highest percentage area adverse TAWSS (0.2) were found for Fantom (56% and 30%) and Absorb (53% and 33%), followed by Fantom Encore (30% and 25%) and Magmaris (25% and 20%). Magmaris had the smallest areas due to a small footprint and rounded struts. CONCLUSIONS: Due to stent design, both Fantom Encore and Magmaris showed smaller TAWSS and OSI than Fantom and Absorb. This study quantifies which scaffold features are most important to reduce long-term restenosis

Latent class analysis of DSM-5 criteria for opioid use disorders: Results from the Iranian National Survey on Mental Health

Background: Assessments of DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria with sample populations of opioid users are limited. This study aimed to determine the number of latent classes in opioid users and assessment of the proposed revisions to the DSM-5 opioid use disorder (OUD) criteria. Methods: Data came from the 2011 Iranian National Mental Health Survey (IranMHS) on 7,886 participants aged 15-64 years living in Iran. We used the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) version 2.1 in all respondents who indicated using opioids at least 5 times in the previous 12 months (n = 236). Results: A three-class model provided the best fit of all the models tested. Classes showed a spectrum of severity that was compatible with the DSM-5 classification. 'Legal problems' and 'desire to cut down' showed poor discrimination between classes. The weighted prevalence of OUD using DSM-5 was 20.7 higher than with DSM-IV. Conclusions: Results support the grouping based on severity of symptoms, combining abuse and dependence into a single diagnosis, omitting legal problems, and addition of craving as a new criterion. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel