Mechanistic Insights into Ring-Opening and Decarboxylation of 2-Pyrones in Liquid Water and Tetrahydrofuran

2-Pyrones, such as triacetic acid lactone, are a promising class of biorenewable platform chemicals that provide access to an array of chemical products and intermediates. We illustrate through the combination of results from experimental studies and first-principle density functional theory calculations that key structural features dictate the mechanisms underlying ring-opening and decarboxylation of 2-pyrones, including the degree of ring saturation, the presence of C═C bonds at the C4═C5 or C5═C6 positions within the ring, as well as the presence of a β-keto group at the C4 position. Our results demonstrate that 2-pyrones undergo a range of reactions unique to their structure, such as retro-Diels–Alder reactions and nucleophilic addition of water. In addition, the reactivity of 2-pyrones and the final products formed is shown to depend on the solvent used and the acidity of the reaction environment. The mechanistic insights obtained here provide guidance for the selective conversion of 2-pyrones to targeted chemicals.Reprinted (adapted) with permission from Journal of American Chemical Society, 135(15); 5699-5708. Doi: 10.1021/ja312075r. Copyright 2013 American Chemical Society. </p

Zur Anlagerung des Benzonitriloxids an α,β-ungesättigte Carbonsäureester

No abstract availabl

Rearrangement of Free Radicals, XII. ESR Spectroscopic Study of the Ring Opening of the Homobenzvalenyl Radical

Abstraction of an allylic hydrogen atom in homobenzvalene (4) either in solurion by photolyticaßy generated tert-butoxyl radicals or in an adamantane matrix by X-rays produces the homobcnzvalenyl radical (5). which tbennally rearranps · to tbe tropylium ndical (1). In solution tbe activation cnergy for the rate determined step of the reaction sequence was detennined· to be 13.4 ± O.S kcal/mol

α-Diketones in [4+2]Cycloadditions, Reactions of Dimethyl 2,3-Dioxosuccinate with Enol Ethers

Dimethyl 2,3-dioxosuccinate (1) undergoes cycloaddition with enol ethers. Dihydrodioxine derivates, products of [4+2] cycloaddition, are formed with tetraethoxyethylene and E-1,2-dimethoxyethylene. The stereospecificity of the reaction of 1 with E-1,2-dimethoxyethylene suggests a concerted mechanism for this cycloaddition. The polarized double bond of ethyl vinyl ether reacts with 1 to give 4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethoxycarbonyl-2,3-epoxy-5-ethoxyfuran in a hitherto unknown reaction of 1,2-diketones

Diels-Alder-Reaktion eines elektronenarmen C-Acylimins mit Tetraethoxyethylen

The synthesis of two C-acylimines and their reactivity towards electron rich dienophiles inDiels-Alder reactions is described. A [4+2] cycloadduct is obtained only in one case: from the reaction of a C-acylimine substituted by two methoxycarbonyl groups with tetraethoxyethylene. No [2+2] cycloadducts are observed