Usage of Glimepiride/Metformin Fixed-dose Combination in Young Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: The Indian Experience

Background: The prevalence of diabetes has been rising among the younger population and is a cause for concern. The present case-based questionnaire survey evaluated the treatment pattern and clinical experience of healthcare professionals (HCPs) in prescribing glimepiride/metformin fixed-dose combination (FDC) to young diabetes patients (up to 40 years of age) in the Indian setting. Material and methods: A retrospective, multicenter, observational, questionnaire-based survey was conducted in Indian healthcare centers using medical records of patients having type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who were prescribed different strengths of glimepiride/metformin FDCs. Data was collected from the patients’ medical records and were analyzed using statistical tests. Results: A total of 2,715 patients aged between 18 and 40 years were included in the study. Mean diabetes duration among the young patients was 2.76 ± 1.97 years. Among the young T2DM patients, 83.2% patients received glimepiride/metformin FDC as first-line therapy, and 16.8% received it as second-line therapy. Hypoglycemia at 6 months was noted in only 2.47% of the young patients. Mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) before and after treatment was 8.7% ± 3.4% and 7.3% ± 3.9%, respectively. Mean fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was 171.8 ± 80.1 mg/dL in patients prior to treatment initiation and came down to 122.8 ± 41.8 mg/dL after treatment with glimepiride/metformin FDC. Mean postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) prior to combination therapy use was 248.7 ± 64.0 mg/dL and dropped to 177.2 ± 39.9 mg/dL after treatment. Good to excellent efficacy and tolerability were reported for 86% and 86.6% patients, respectively. Conclusion: This case-based questionnaire survey demonstrates the usage pattern of various strengths of glimepiride/metformin FDCs and the HCPs’ practice approach regarding the use of this combination in young T2DM patients in the Indian setting. The combination is commonly prescribed to young diabetes patients in India and is associated with beneficial effects on glycemic parameters

XVI Agricultural Science Congress 2023: Transformation of Agri-Food Systems for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals

The XVI Agricultural Science Congress being jointly organized by the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) during 10-13 October 2023, at hotel Le Meridien, Kochi, is a mega event echoing the theme “Transformation of Agri-Food Systems for achieving Sustainable Development Goals”. ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute takes great pride in hosting the XVI ASC, which will be the perfect point of convergence of academicians, researchers, students, farmers, fishers, traders, entrepreneurs, and other stakeholders involved in agri-production systems that ensure food and nutritional security for a burgeoning population. With impeding challenges like growing urbanization, increasing unemployment, growing population, increasing food demands, degradation of natural resources through human interference, climate change impacts and natural calamities, the challenges ahead for India to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set out by the United Nations are many. The XVI ASC will provide an interface for dissemination of useful information across all sectors of stakeholders invested in developing India’s agri-food systems, not only to meet the SDGs, but also to ensure a stable structure on par with agri-food systems around the world. It is an honour to present this Book of Abstracts which is a compilation of a total of 668 abstracts that convey the results of R&D programs being done in India. The abstracts have been categorized under 10 major Themes – 1. Ensuring Food & Nutritional Security: Production, Consumption and Value addition; 2. Climate Action for Sustainable Agri-Food Systems; 3. Frontier Science and emerging Genetic Technologies: Genome, Breeding, Gene Editing; 4. Livestock-based Transformation of Food Systems; 5. Horticulture-based Transformation of Food Systems; 6. Aquaculture & Fisheries-based Transformation of Food Systems; 7. Nature-based Solutions for Sustainable AgriFood Systems; 8. Next Generation Technologies: Digital Agriculture, Precision Farming and AI-based Systems; 9. Policies and Institutions for Transforming Agri-Food Systems; 10. International Partnership for Research, Education and Development. This Book of Abstracts sets the stage for the mega event itself, which will see a flow of knowledge emanating from a zeal to transform and push India’s Agri-Food Systems to perform par excellence and achieve not only the SDGs of the UN but also to rise as a world leader in the sector. I thank and congratulate all the participants who have submitted abstracts for this mega event, and I also applaud the team that has strived hard to publish this Book of Abstracts ahead of the event. I wish all the delegates and participants a very vibrant and memorable time at the XVI ASC

X-ray studies on crystalline complexes involving amino acids and peptides. XXXIII. Crystal structures of L- and DL-arginine complexed with oxalic acid and a comparative study of amino acid oxalic acid complexes

The DL- and L-arginine complexes of oxalic acid are made up of zwitterionic positively charged amino acid molecules and semi-oxalate ions. The dissimilar molecules aggregate into separate alternating layers in the former. The basic unit in the arginine layer is a centrosymmetric dimer, while the semi-oxalate ions form hydrogen-bonded strings in their layer. In the L-arginine complex each semi-oxalate ion is surrounded by arginine molecules and the complex can be described as an inclusion compound. The oxalic acid complexes of basic amino acids exhibit a variety of ionization states and stoichiometry. They illustrate the effect of aggregation and chirality on ionization state and stoichiometry, and that of molecular properties on aggregation. The semi-oxalate/oxalate ions tend to be planar, but large departures from planarity are possible. The amino acid aggregation in the different oxalic acid complexes do not resemble one another significantly, but the aggregation of a particular amino acid in its oxalic acid complex tends to have similarities with its aggregation in other structures. Also, semi-oxalate ions aggregate into similar strings in four of the six oxalic acid complexes. Thus, the intrinsic aggregation propensities of individual molecules tend to be retained in the complexes

Synthesis of New Acyclic Schiff Base Oxovanadium(IV) Complexes and Their Electrochemical, Catecholase, and Antimicrobial Studies of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

<div><p>Catalytically active complexes containing [VO(IV)L] were synthesized by using Schiff base ligands L^1–5 and vanadyl sulfate. Ligands L^1–5 were obtained by the condensation of 5-methylsalicylaldehyde with diethylene triamine (L¹), tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (L²), triethylene tetramine (L³), N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine (L⁴) and N,N- bis(aminopropyl) piperazine (L⁵). All the complexes were characterized by elemental and spectral analysis. ESR spectra for the mononuclear [VO(IV)L] complexes show eight lines, square pyramidal geometry. Room temperature magnetic moment for the complexes was around 1.73 B.M. Electrochemical and catalytic studies of the complexes were compared on the basis of chain length of the imine compartment. All the [VO(IV)L^1–5] complexes were screened antibacterial activity of MIC.</p></div

Sunlight assisted degradation of methylene blue dye by zinc oxide nanoparticles green synthesized using Vitex negundo plant leaf extract

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were formed through a simple green synthesis route using Vitex negundo (V. negundo) leaf extract as reducing and capping source. Morphological, structural, chemical and optical features of the prepared ZnO NPs were examined by field emission SEM, XRD, EDAX, PL, FTIR and UV–vis DRS, respectively. FESEM images precisely visualized morphology of the ZnO NPs as spherical with particles size ranges between 5 and 35 nm having a mean diameter of ∼ 19 nm. XRD pattern revealed formation of hexagonal wurtzite structured ZnO NPs with high crystallinity. Further, the observed asymmetric stretching vibration of Zn-O bond confirmed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite structured ZnO NPs. Photocatalytic activity of the ZnO NPs was assessed against methylene blue (MB) dye degradation under natural sunlight illumination. Results of the photocatalytic experiment disclosed an impressive MB dye degradation efficiency of 98.50 % at 60 min. Moreover, green synthesized ZnO NPs exhibited a maximum mineralization (TOC removal) efficiency of 92.34 % at 5 h of sunlight illumination

Cow dung extract as a low-cost and natural sensitizer for zinc oxide nanoparticles photoanode based dye-sensitized solar cell: A novel initiative for waste to energy conversion

Cow dung extracts are prepared using ethanol and methanol as solvents. Electronic absorption spectra of cow dung extracts have exhibited wide absorption in the UV and visible region between 300 and 730 nm. The absorption of cow dung extracts showed variations in intensity and absorption peaks at different wavelengths, which can be attributed to presence of diverse photosynthetic pigments corresponding to polarity of applied solvents. The observed pigments of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in the cow dung extracts can be ascribed to the feeding behavior of the cow. The FTIR and UV–vis absorption results have disclosed that the sensitization of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) photoanode is mainly due to the chlorophylls present in the cow dung extract. The methyl group in the chlorophyll molecules from ideal bond with ZnO NPs that enables transfer of electrons from chlorophyll molecules to conduction band of ZnO NPs. The solar cells sensitized with cow dung extract in methanol has delivered highest energy conversion efficiency of 0.102%, which can be ascribed to presence of relatively a greater number of photosynthetic pigments

Foliar Application of Nutrient and Hormonal Consortia Boost-up the Growth Parameters in Greengram Plants

Aim: To understand the influence of nutrients and plant growth regulators on growth attributes of greengram. Study Design:&nbsp; Factorial and randomized complete block design. Place and Duration of Study: Wetland farms, Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore; April - June 2023. Methodology: A field experiment was conducted on clay soil fields located at Wetlands farm, TNAU, Coimbatore. Two greengram varieties CO 8 and VBN 4 were taken for the experiment. The treatments were Control – Water spray (T1), Nutrio-hormonal consortia 1 (T2), Nutrio-hormonal consortia 2 (T3), Pulse consortia 1 (T4), Pulse consortia 2 (T5). The treatments were applied as foliar spray at flowering stage of the crop. The observations are recorded after 10 days of spraying. Growth parameters were recorded. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Results: The significant difference between the treatments was observed at p &lt; 0.05. Foliar application of Pulse consortia 2 (T5) resulted in higher growth attributes such as leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area duration, specific leaf weight and crop growth rate in both the greengram varieties and resulted in improved growth attributes over control. Conclusion: The present study concluded that foliar application of the Pulse consortia 2 (T5) exhibit highest growth attributes in greengram. Improved growth parameters might attribute to improve the yield

DNA binding, cleavage, catalytic, magnetic active; 2,2–bipyridyl based d-f hetero binuclear Gd(III), Cu(II) complexes and their Electrochemical, fluorescence studies

Several 2,2-bipyridyl-based d-f heterobinuclear [GdCuL1-5(bpy)2(NO3)2] complexes are present, where (Ligand 1) (9E)-N1-(2-Hydroxy-5-methylbenzylidene)–N2-((E)-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl benzylideneamino)ethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine. (Ligand 2) N1,N1-bis((E)-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzylideneamino)ethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine. (Ligand 3) (9E)-N1-(2-((E)-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzylideneamino)ethylamino)ethyl)–N2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzylidene)ethane-1,2-diamine. (Ligand 4) (9E)-N1-(2-((E)-3-(2-hydroxy-5- methylbenzylideneamino) propylamino) ethyl)–N3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzylidene)propane-1,3-diamine and (Ligand 5) (9E)-N-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzylidene)-3-(4-((E)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzylideneamino)propyl)piperazin-1-yl)propan-1-amine. These compounds were described using spectroscopy and the elemental analysis method. Researches were conducted into the luminous, Genetic code, catalytic, magnetism, and breaking attributes of the [GdCuL1-5(bpy)2(NO3)2] complexes. In DMF with 0.1 M tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate, the binuclear [GdCuL1-5(bpy)2(NO3)2] network complexes exhibit two one electron irreversible reduction events. VSM was used to calculate the complexes' magnetic susceptibility. There is ferromagnetic coupling in the [GdCuL1-5(bpy)2(NO3)2] complexes. The [GdCuL1-5(bpy)2(NO3)2] complexes' excited state lifetimes lengthen in the following order: [GdCuL5(bpy)2] [GdCuL1(bpy)2(NO3)2] [GdCuL3(bpy)2(NO3)2] [GdCuL4(bpy)2] and [GdCuL2(bpy)2(NO3)2]. The binuclear [GdCuL1-5(bpy)2(NO3)2] complexes' inceptive rate of progress for oxidizing 1,2-benzenediol to cyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dione are longer chains with higher activity. Both the [GdCuL5(bpy)2(NO3)2] and [GdCuL4(bpy)2(NO3)2] complexes have strong DNA genetic code properties in the calf genus thymus. The complexes exhibit considerable singlet oxygen-mediated oxidative rift of circular recombinant plasmid pBR322 cloning vector in the existence of 2-sulfanylethanol