W poszukiwaniu nowej koncepcji dziejow narodowych (historiografia polska na przełomie XX i XXI stulecia)

This article presents a polemics about New Conception of the National History in the Poland on the boundary XX and XXI Century. Author’s conclusion – History of Poland must integrate of the Nation

Screening of Microorganisms for Biodegradation of Simazine Pollution (Obsolete Pesticide Azotop 50 WP)

The capability of environmental microorganisms to biodegrade simazine—an active substance of 2-chloro-s-triazine herbicides (pesticide waste since 2007)—was assessed. An enormous metabolic potential of microorganisms impels to explore the possibilities of using them as an alternative way for thermal and chemical methods of utilization. First, the biotope rich in microorganisms resistant to simazine was examined. Only the higher dose of simazine (100 mg/l) had an actual influence on quantity of bacteria and environmental fungi incubated on substrate with simazine. Most simazine-resistant bacteria populated activated sludge and biohumus (vermicompost); the biggest strain of resistant fungi was found in floral soil and risosphere soil of maize. Compost and biohumus were the sources of microorganisms which biodegraded simazine, though either of them was the dominant considering the quantity of simazine-resistant microorganisms. In both cases of periodic culture (microorganisms from biohumus and compost), nearly 100% of simazine (50 mg/l) was degraded (within 8 days). After the repeated enrichment culture with simazine, the rate of its degradation highly accelerated, and just after 24 h, the significant decrease of simazine (20% in compost and 80% in biohumus) was noted. Although a dozen attempts of isolating various strains responsible for biodegradation of simazine from compost and biohumus were performed, only the strain identified as Arthrobacter urefaciens (NC) was obtained, and it biodegraded simazine with almost 100% efficiency (within 4 days)

The international WAO/EAACI guideline for the management of hereditary angioedema—The 2021 revision and update

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare and disabling disease for which early diagnosis and effective therapy are critical. This revision and update of the global WAO/EAACI guideline on the diagnosis and management of HAE provides up-to-date guidance for the management of HAE. For this update and revision of the guideline, an international panel of experts reviewed the existing evidence, developed 28 recommendations, and established consensus by an online DELPHI process. The goal of these recommendations and guideline is to help physicians and their patients in making rational decisions in the management of HAE with deficient C1 inhibitor (type 1) and HAE with dysfunctional C1 inhibitor (type 2), by providing guidance on common and important clinical issues, such as: (1) How should HAE be diagnosed? (2) When should HAE patients receive prophylactic on top of on-demand treatment and what treatments should be used? (3) What are the goals of treatment? (4) Should HAE management be different for special HAE patient groups such as children or pregnant/breast-feeding women? and (5) How should HAE patients monitor their disease activity, impact, and control? It is also the intention of this guideline to help establish global standards for the management of HAE and to encourage and facilitate the use of recommended diagnostics and therapies for all patients

Drive systems of multi-system traction vehicles

The unification processes in Europe, begun in the 1950s, increased the demand for international rail transport. The preliminary part of the paper briefly presents the problems hindering rail cross-border traffic, which mainly include differences in the track gauge, different railway signalling systems and various electric traction supply systems. Traction vehicles adapted to energy supply from several different traction systems allow to overcome the last of the mentioned limitations. In Europe, four main power systems for electric traction supply are used: two DC systems 1.5 kV and 3 kV and two AC systems – 15 kV 16.7 Hz and 25 kV 50 Hz. The structure of multi-system vehicle drive system depends on the type of systems for which the vehicle is adapted, on the type of traction motors used and on the type and parameters of available power electronics components. The article presents drive systems for selected multi-system vehicles, both older generation, equipped with single-phase commutator motors, and currently built ones, driven by induction cage motors or PMSM’s.Trwające od lat pięćdziesiątych ubiegłego wieku procesy zjednoczeniowe w Europie spowodowały wzrost zapotrzebowania na międzynarodowy transport kolejowy. We wstępnej części artykułu pokrótce przedstawiono problemy utrudniające kolejowy ruch transgraniczny, do których należą przede wszystkim różnice w prześwicie toru, różne systemy zabezpieczania ruchu pociągów oraz różne systemy zasilania trakcji. Pojazdy trakcyjne przystosowane do poboru energii z kilku różnych systemów zasilania umożliwiają pokonanie ostatniego z wymienionych ograniczeń. W Europie stosowane są cztery główne systemy zasilania trakcji elektrycznej przewodowej: dwa systemy napięcia stałego 1,5 kV i 3 kV oraz dwa napięcia przemiennego – 15 kV 16,7 Hz i 25 kV 50 Hz. Struktura układu napędowego pojazdu wielosystemowego zależy od rodzaju systemów, do współpracy z którymi pojazd jest przystosowany, od rodzaju zastosowanych silników trakcyjnych oraz od rodzaju i parametrów dostępnych elementów energoelektronicznych. W artykule przedstawiono układy napędowe wybranych pojazdów wielosystemowych, zarówno starszej generacji, wyposażonych w jednofazowe silniki komutatorowe, jak i budowanych współcześnie, napędzanych indukcyjnymi silnikami klatkowymi albo silnikami synchronicznymi wzbudzanymi magnesami trwałymi