Integrating Satellite and Surface Sensor Networks for Irrigation Management Applications in California

Satellite mapping of evapotranspiration (ET) from irrigated agricultural lands can provide agricultural producers and water managers with information that can be used to optimize agricultural water use, especially in regions with limited water supplies. The timely delivery of information on agricultural crop water requirements has the potential to make irrigation scheduling more practical, convenient, and accurate. We present a system for irrigation scheduling and management support in California and describe lessons learned from the development and implementation of the system. The Satellite Irrigation Management Support (SIMS) framework integrates satellite data with information from agricultural weather networks to map crop canopy development, basal crop coefficients (Kcb), and basal crop evapotranspiration (ETcb) at the scale of individual fields. Information is distributed to agricultural producers and water managers via a web-based irrigation management decision support system and web data services. SIMS also provides an application programming interface (API) that facilitates integration with other irrigation decision support tools, estimation of total crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and calculation of on-farm water use efficiency metrics. Accuracy assessments conducted in commercial fields for more than a dozen crop types to date have shown that SIMS seasonal ETcb estimates are within 10 mean absolute error (MAE) for well-watered crops and within 15 across all crop types studied, and closely track daily ETc and running totals of ETc measured in each field. Use of a soil water balance model to correct for soil evaporation and crop water stress reduces this error to less than 8 MAE across all crop types studied to date relative to field measurements of ETc. Results from irrigation trials conducted by the project for four vegetable crops have also demonstrated the potential for use of ET-based irrigation management strategies to reduce total applied water by 20-40 relative to grower standard practices while maintaining crop yields and quality

Quercus lesueuri, un miembro meridional del complejo Q. X undulata (Fagaceae, subgénero Quercus)

Quercus gambelii Nutt. is a widespread White oak (Quercus, subgenus and section Quercus, subsection Gambelieae) in the southern Rocky Mountain region of the United States, extending to west-central Chihuahua in the Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico. Quercus arizonica Sarg., rather distantly related (subsection Glaucoideae), has a more southern distribution in the United States, and extends through the Sierra Madre into Durango. In the southwestern United States hybrids between Q. gambelii and several White oak vegetation, particularly in New Mexico. These hybrids are known in general as Q. x undulata Torr. pro sp. A plant very similar to Q. x. undulata, Q. lesueuri C. H. Muller, was collected by Harde LeSueur at “El Salto de Babícora”, in west-central Chihuahua, in 1937. It has not been collected since. An oak similar to Q. lesueurii was collected by the autor in the nearby Sierra Catarina where it is a sympatric with Q. gambelii and Q. arazonica. El Salto de Babícora was determined to be located north of the town of Madera. In this canyon Q. gambelii and Q. arizonica are common. Quercus lesueuri and the newly collected hybrid from the Sierra Catarina are shown to be strongly similar to Q. x undulata and intermediate between Q. arizonica and Q. gambelii through the use of the same six leaf characters (leaf width, relative Depth of indentations of leaf margin, conspicuousness of intercostal reticulum, number of major secondary veins, number of rays per stellate hair, curliness of hairs) that Tucker used to assess intermediacy of certain collections to the putative parents Q. gambelii and Q. arizonica. In this paper Q. lesueuri is demonstrated to be parto f this hybrid complex. Taxonomically it should be recognized as Q. x lesueuri C. H. Muller, pro sp., and to be considered as a synonym of Q. x undulata, sensu lato.Quercus gambelii Nutt. es un encino blanco (Quercus, subgénero y sección Quercus, subsección Gambelieae) común en la parte sur de la región de las Montañas Rocosas en los Estados Unidos y distribuido hasta la parte central de la porción chihuahuense de la Sierra Madre Occidental. Quercus arizonica Sarg., lejanamente relacionado con el anterior (subsección Glaucoideae), tiene una distribución más austral en los Estados Unidos y se extiende a través de la Sierra Madre Occidental hasta Durango. En el suroeste de los Estados Unidos son muy comunes los híbridos entre Q. gambelii y algunos encinos blancos, incluyendo a Q. arizonica, mismos que forman frecuentemente una parte importante de la vegetación de encinares de zonas bajas, particularmente en el estado de Nuevo México. Estos híbridos se conocen en general como Q. x undulata Torr. pro sp. Una planta muy similar a Q. x undulata, llamada Q. leseuri C. H. Muller, fue colectada por Harde LeSeur en “El Salto de Babícora”, en el oeste-centro de Chihuahua en el año 1937. Y no se ha vuelto a encontrar desde entonces. Un encino semejante a Q. lesueuri fue localizado por el autor en la cercana Sierra Catarina, donde es simpátrico con Q. gambelii y Q. arizonica. El Salto de Babícora se localiza al norte del pueblo de Madera en un cañón donde Q. gambelii y Q. arizonica son comunes. En este trabajo se muestra que Q. lesueuri y el híbrido colectado recientemente en la Sierra Catarina son muy similares entre sí y con Q. x undulata, e intermedios entre Q. arizonica y Q. gambelii. La comparación se llevó a cabo mediante el uso de los mismos seis caracteres empleados por Tucker para determinar la posición intermedia de varias colectas con respecto a los padres putativos Q. gambelii y Q. arizonica, a saber: anchura de la hoja, profundidad relativa de las muescas del margen de la lámina, evidencia del retículo intercostal, número de las venas secundarias, número de radios por cada tricoma estrellado, y grado intercostal, número de las venas secundarias, número de radios por cada tricoma estrellado, y grado de ensortijamiento de los tricomas. Se concluye que Q. lesueuri forma parte del complejo híbrido en cuestión, por lo que taxonómicamente debe ser conocido como Q. x lesueuri forma parte del complejo híbrido en cuestión, por lo que taxonómicamente debe ser conocido como Q. x lesueuri C. H. Muller, pro sp., y ser considerado como sinónimo de Q. x undulata, sensu lato

Mirabilis melanotricha (Nyctaginaceae), a new combination for a common four o\u27clock from southwestern North America

Volume: 85Start Page: 99End Page: 10

Nota sobre el tipo, la identificación y la localidad del tipo de Quercus oblongifolia var. pallidinervis (Fagaceae) en Chihuahua

Cuando Trelease described the variety Quercus oblongifolia Torr. var. pallidinervis Trel. He indicated that the type was photographed in “Washington”, but the specimen that he illustrated was recently discovered to be in the Gray Herbarium. It is considered to be the holotype; a different specimen from the same collection resides in the US National Herbarium and is considered to be an isotype. Based on recent collections and the literature, the variety is determined to be a synonym of Quercus depressipes Trel. And its type locality to be in the Sierra de la Breña in northwestern Chihuahua.Cuando Trelease describió la variedad Quercus oblongifolia Torr. var. pallidinervis Trel. Indicó que el tipo se había fotografiado en el herbario “Washington”, pero la muestra que ilustró se descubrió recientemente en el Herbario Gray. Por consiguiente esta muestra representa el holotipo; un ejemplar diferente de la misma colección se encuentra en el herbario US y corresponde al isotipo. Tomando en cuenta colecciones recientes y la literatura sobre el tema se determina aquí a esta variedad como sinónimo de Quercus depressipes Trel. Y la localidad del tipo es la Sierra de la Breña en el noroeste de Chihuahua

Varietal status for a hirsute phase of Mirabilis linearis (Nyctaginaceae)

Volume: 12Start Page: 270End Page: 27

minor

Briza minor Linnaeuslittle quaking grass;small quaking grasspetite amourette;petite brizeminor1/2 mi. S of Humboldt Hill Exit, 5 mi. S of Eurekaalong roadsidespars

hudsonianum

Ribes hudsonianum Richardsonnorthern black currant;wild black currant;Hudson Bay currant;western black currant;stinking currantAlong stream bank at Beech Creek Forest Camp, 10 mi. S of Fox on Hwy 395in Douglas Fir forestwith Ribes lacustre and R. Viscosissimum in Douglas Fir fores

altissima

Ailanthus altissima (P. Miller) Swingletree-of-heaven;ailanthus;Chinese tree-of-heaven;Chinese sumac;varnish tree;skink treeailante glanduleux;faux vernis du JaponAlong road banks near Trinity River, 5 mi. W of Junction City on Hwy 299along road banksTree about 16 m. high

arvense

Trifolium arvense Linnaeusrabbit's-foot clover;hare's-foot clover;hairy clover;old field clover;rabbit-foot clover;stone clovertrèfle pied-de-lièvre;pied-de-lièvre;trèfle des champs;trèfle jauneTrifolium arvense1 mi. E of Cedar Flat, near Burnt Ranchalong shoulders of highwa