Politeness Strategies Used by Toba Batak Sellers in Samosir

This study deals with politeness strategies used by toba batak sellers in Samosir. The objectives of this study were (1) to describe the types of politeness strategies were used by Toba Batak sellers in Samosir, (2) to investigate the type of politeness strategy was mostly used describe the reasons, (3) to describethe roles of politeness to Toba Batak society, and (4) to describe the implication of politeness strategies. The data of this study were the language of conversation between Toba Batak sellers and their buyers. This study applied descriptive quantitative method. The findings show that there are four types of Politeness Strategies used by Toba Batak Sellers in Samosir, namely: Bald on record4 utterances (2.53%), Off record17 utterances (10.75%), Positivepoliteness 129 utterances (81.64%) and Negativepoliteness 8 utterances (5.06%). Positivepoliteness is the most dominant type of Politeness Strategies used by Toba Batak sellers in Samosir. Keyword :Politeness Strategies, Toba Batak Sellers, Samosir

Violated Maxim in Oz: the Great and Powerful Movie

The objectives of this research were discovered the kinds of maxims and the dominant maxim; to explain the implication of the dominant maxim and to describe the context of situation in OZ: the Great and Powerful Movie. This research was done on OZ\u27s utterances because he is the only main character. There were 38 of violated maxims gathered as the data for this research. The descriptive qualitative design was used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis showed that all kinds of maxims were violated: 18 utterances violated maxim of quantity (48%), 2 utterances violated maxim of qualiy (6%), 12 utterances violated maxim of relation (13%), and 6 utterances violated maxim of manner (13). The maxim of quantity is the dominant kind of maxims that was violated by OZ. The implication of this violated maxim is the main character has worried about his life story and he try to covered his truthfull and tricky. The context of situation of this violated maxim is the main character who cannot hide his true story from his friend

Subcellular Localization of Beta Catenin in Colorectal Non Neoplastic and Neoplastic Lesions

Loss of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) function is typically an early event  in sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis. The key tumor suppressor function of the APC  protein lies in its ability to destabilize free cytoplasmic beta catenin. This lead to the accumulation of nuclear beta catenin, and together with the DNA binding protein Tcf-4, function as a transcriptional activator. Accumulation of stabilized free  β-catenin is considered as an early event and perhaps initiating the process in intestinal tumorigenesis. Neoplastic transformation in the CRC associated chronic colitis is considered similar to the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in sporadic CRC. The distinguish feature from the CRC-related colitis is the difference in time and frequency changes. Loss of APC function, regarded as the beginning of a very common event in sporadic CRC, but the CRC associated chronic colitis generally occurs at the end of the dysplasia-carcinoma sequence. This research was conducted to determine the subcellular location of beta catenin expression in chronic colitis, colorectal adenomas and carcinomas that were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. It can be concluded that beta-catenin is a component that plays a role in the development of the CRC and the subcellular location of beta-catenin can describe its oncogenic activity.&nbsp

Konsep Bantuan Luar Negeri Cina Ke Indonesia Sebagai Kedok Investasi (Studi Kasus: Implikasi Pengiriman Tenaga Kerja Asing Cina)

The research about China\u27s foreign aid for Indonesia is deemed important as the economic growth of China has been skyrocketing for past decades. This growth crowned China as the world\u27s new economic power. While China keeps on strengthening its economy, several countries in different parts of the world are going through stagnant economic growth. This gives new hopes for many countries to cooperate with China, Indonesia is of no exception, since Indonesia is said to be a promising land of investation.This research utilizes the qualitative method by using case study. The results obtained are, first, for Indonesia, China is bringing positive influence because China is in dire need of raw materials from Indonesia for their industry, where Indonesia is thought as a receiving market of the abundant product from China. Secondly, China left bad influence on local labour competition which creates imbalance between local labour and Chinese labour. Thirdly, China\u27s foreign aid is not voluntary as these helps are aimed to conduct a one belt diplomacy of China to rule over strategic route of International trading in Indonesia

Analisis Prosedur Penerjemahan Buku Motivasi Karya Stephen R. Covey

Penerjemahan telah mengambil peran penting dalam komunikasi global dan sebagai sumber pengetahuan diantara masyarakat dengan budaya dan bahasa yang berbeda. Penelitian ini berkaitan dengan analisis terhadap prosedur penerjemahan Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif-kualitatif yang berfokus pada analisis produk terjemahan. Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah 430 pasang data teks (Inggris dan Indonesia). Dari analisis terhadap isi ditemukan sembilan prosedur penerjemahan yang digunakan dengan jumlahmasing-masing:literal (181), calque (5), peminjaman (32), penambahan (105), penghilangan (33), modulasi (27), transposisi (24), ekivalensi (21), dan adaptasi (2). Ketiga teknik yang pertama (literal, pinjaman dan calque) yang berorientasi pada bahasa sumber sedangkan sisanya berorientasi pada bahasa sasaran. Temuan ini mengungkapkan proporsi terjemahan harfiah dan terjemahan komunikatif masing-masing 50,70% dan 49,30%

Sistem Pakar Analisa Kerusakan Pada Sepeda Motor Honda Beat Injection Dengan Metode Backward Chaining

Expert system is one part of artificial intelligence designed to mimic the expertise of an expert in answering questions and completing a problem. This application made to resolve damages acquired from the symptoms which mostly encountered by motorcyclist. This application created by backward chaining using backward tracking method that works based on conclusions from series of happenings. In this study, collecting the data gained from the experts involved in the existing system by direct interview, direct observation and also from the literatures as references to support the explanation of the elements studied. The objective of this application is to help the mechanics or technicians in analyzing damages occured in Honda Beat Injection motorcycle at the garage in Honda Motor Festival faster

How financial liberalization in Indonesia affected firms'capital structure and investment decisions

How did financial liberalization affect Indonesian firms? The authors analyzed real and financial indicators for the establishments in their panel of Indonesian manufacturing establishments for 1981-88. Their sample was not representative, but their evidence shows that economic reform had favorable effect on the performance of smaller firms. Liberalization helped reallocate domestic credit toward smaller firms to a level roughly proportionate to their contribution to value-added. Moreover, other firms were successful in replacing expensive domestic credit with cheaper foreign credit, releasing some domestic credit to establishments that lacked access to it. Nominal and real interest rates rose to very high levels, but real returns to capital assets remain high and have increased substantially for small and medium-size exporting establishments. For all groups, higher rates of financial leverage gave rise to extremely high returns on owned equity. Medium-size firms - both conglomerate and non-conglomerate - have had the highest rates of return to capital, financial leverage, and returns to equity. Financial reform has had a significant impact on firm's real and financial choices. Shifting from administrative allocations of credit to market-based allocations has increased borrowing costs, particularly for smaller firms, but it has also widened access to finance. The net effect appears to have been a decrease in the degree of market segmentation and a relaxation of financial constraints to the benefit of investment activity.Banks&Banking Reform,Environmental Economics&Policies,Financial Intermediation,Economic Theory&Research,Financial Crisis Management&Restructuring

Pentingnya Pengetahuan Ideologi Penerjemahan Bagi Penerjemah

Penerjemahan berperan penting dalam transfer pengetahuan diantara budaya, bahasa dan bangsa yang berbeda. Sebagai kegiatan untukmemindahkan pesan atau maksud yang terkandung dalam suatu bahasa ke dalam bahasa lain secara tepat dan wajar, pekerjaan penerjemahan menjadi kompleks. Oleh karena itu  berbagai pendekatan dicetuskan untuk memahami proses penerjemahan, diantaranya adalah teori ideologi penerjemahan. Istilah domestikasi dan foreinisasi dalam penerjemahan merupakan dua istilah yang dikemukakan oleh Lawrence Venuti yang sering disebut sebagai ideologi atau strategi penerjemahan. Domestikasi adalah strategi yang digunakan untuk mengurangi “keasingan” istilah dari bahasa sumber, sehingga pembaca merasa suatu terjemahan seperti bukan produk terjemahan. Sementara foreinisasi adalah sebaliknya, strategi ini lebih condong ke bahasa sumber dengan tujuan memperkenalkan istilah atau budaya asing kepada pembaca sasaran. Dalam prakteknya, penerjemah tidak lepas dari keduanya, namun kecondongan yang berbeda seringkali didasari oleh tujuan penerjemahan dan siapa pengguna terjemahan tersebut. Artikel ini mengemukakan gambaran ringkas tentang ideologi penerjemahan dan bagaimana pentingnya teori ini untuk meningkatkan kesadaran penerjemahan tentang dampak pilihan mereka terhadap hasil terjemahan

Penyelidikan dan Penyidikan Tindak Pidana Korupsi Terhadap Kasus Kredit Macet Pada Bank Bumn Menurut UU Tipikor

One element of corruption offenses is the unlawful action that harms the state's finance or economy. In the context of state-owned banks, there are still two different opinions about the source of finance, whether it belongs to state finance or limited liability company (PT) finance. Due to this ambiguity, anti-corruption investigators should understand this issue before investigating state-owned banks with a limited liability company structure. The research was conducted at the North Sumatra High Prosecutor's Office because it is currently investigating alleged corruption crimes related to non-performing loans worth IDR 39.5 billion at Bank BTN Medan Branch. The research aims to investigate: first, the regulation of corruption investigation related to non-performing loans cases in state-owned banks, which are related to the lex specialis derogat legi generalis principle; and second, the investigation of corruption crimes related to non-performing loans cases in state-owned banks by the North Sumatra High Prosecutor's Office. This research used a descriptive-analytical normative legal research method with a legislative approach. The data were collected through secondary sources and field studies at the North Sumatra High Prosecutor's Office. The data were analyzed using a qualitative data analysis method. The research findings show that based on the lex specialis systematische principle, the Banking Law should be applied to banking cases resulting in non-performing loans. The North Sumatra High Prosecutor's Office conducts corruption investigations by collecting evidence to be used as valid evidence, and when the suspect is found, the evidence will be used to prove the case. It is recommended that law enforcement officers, especially the prosecutors and judges who apply the law to the cases, should apply the Banking Law to non-performing loan cases. If there is an unlawful action found in the provision of credit facilities, it should be investigated as a corruption case