Evaluation of Benzimidazole Resistance in Haemonchus contortus Using Comparative PCR-RFLP Methods

Background: In order to deworm the ruminants especially of sheep in Iran, consumption of benzimi­dazoles has more than 2 decades history and today farmers are using imidazothiazoles, macrocyclic lactones and mostly benzimidazole compounds (BZs) to treat infected farm animals. It has been demonstrated that the most common molecular mechanism leading to BZsresistance in Haemonchus contortus is a single mutation at amino acid 200 (phenylalanine to tyrosine) of the isotype 1 of beta tubulin gene. According to the report of such mutations in Iranian Telador­sagia circumcincta isolates with Restriction Site Created PCR-RFLP, we decided to evaluate the frequency of such mutations in H. contortus in three different geographical areas of Iran.Methodes: A total of 102 collected adult male H. contortus were evaluated with PCR-RFLP (us­ing PSP1406I as restriction enzyme). By means of a second step to compare function of different methods and to increase sensitivity of detection mechanism, a third of samples were examined by another PCR-RFLP method (using TaaI as restriction enzyme) and finally beta tubulin gene of two samples was sequenced.Results: All of samples were detected as BZss homozygote. Finally, beta tubulin gene sequenc­ing of two samples showed no point mutation at codon 200.Conclusion: It seems that BZresistance of H. contortus in Iran is not a serious problem as antici­pated before

Recent advances in modelling and simulation of surface integrity in machining - A review

Machining is one of the final steps in the manufacturing value chain, where the dimensional tolerances are fine-tuned, and the functional surfaces are generated. Many factors such as the process type, cutting parameters, tool geometry and wear can influence the surface integrity (SI) in machining. Being able to predict and monitor the influence of different parameters on surface integrity provides an opportunity to produce surfaces with predetermined properties. This paper presents an overview of the recent advances in computational and artificial intelligence methods for modelling and simulation of surface integrity in machining and the future research and development trends are highlighted

Benzimidazole -Resistance in Haemonchus Contortus: New PCR-RFLP Method for the Detection of Point Mutation at Codon 167 of Isotype 1 Β-Tubulin Gene

Background: Due to the lack of a suitable and economic test for the analysis of the polymorphism at codon 167, we developed a new PCR-RFLP technique, based on a modified forward primer (UT-HC167 MF-primer), to identify simultaneously the SNPs at codons 167 and 200 of isotype 1 β-tubu­lin gene of Haemonchus contortus.Methods: There already are several safe and easy methods for identification of point mutations at codons 198 and 200. Due to the lack of a reliable and easy method for the detection of the single nucleo­tide polymorphism (SNP) at codon 167, we developed an innovative PCR-RFLP technique based on a modified forward primer (UT-HC167 MF-primer), in which the nucleotide T at the posi­tion 443 was substituted through a nucleotide A creating a restriction site for restriction endonuc­lease SnaB I in the nucleotide sequences including codon 167. A total of 138 adult male H. contortus were collected from three different geo-climatic areas of Iran. The isolated genomic DNA of each single worm was amplified by PCR using primers flanking codon 167. The PCR product (527 bp) was then amplified by semi-nested PCR using the UT-HC167 MF-primer and the reverse primer achiev­ing a PCR product of 451 bp in length. This PCR product was subsequently digested with the restriction endonucleases SnaB I and TaaI for analysis of the mutations at codons 167 and 200, respec­tively.Results: All worms had two alleles encoding for phenylalanine (BZss homozygote) for both codons.Conclusion: Using the UT-HC167 MF-primer and a suitable reverse primer designed upstream from codon 200, it is possible to amplify a PCR product which can be used for analysis of the SNPs at all three mentioned codons using RFLP

A Rare De Novo Myoepithelial Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma in a Young Woman

Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, an uncommon neoplasm of the parotid gland, accounts for less than 4% of salivary gland tumors. It arises from a benign pleomorphic adenoma presenting in the sixth to eighth decades of life. We present this as a unique account of a primary parotid gland carcinoma, arising from myoepithelial cells, without a known precursor lesion, in a 28-year-old woman. This presentation seeks to provide familiarity of an unusual presentation of an unexpected rare pathology in a young female patient and the tools utilized for an accurate diagnosis