A Close Eye on the Eagle-Eyed Visual Acuity Hypothesis of Autism

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been associated with sensory hypersensitivity. A recent study reported visual acuity (VA) in ASD in the region reported for birds of prey. The validity of the results was subsequently doubted. This study examined VA in 34 individuals with ASD, 16 with schizophrenia (SCH), and 26 typically developing (TYP). Participants with ASD did not show higher VA than those with SCH and TYP. There were no substantial correlations of VA with clinical severity in ASD or SCH. This study could not confirm the eagle-eyed acuity hypothesis of ASD, or find evidence for a connection of VA and clinical phenotypes. Research needs to further address the origins and circumstances associated with altered sensory or perceptual processing in ASD

Seed Production and Spring Seedling Establishment of Diffuse and Spotted Knapweed

Annual seed production of diffuse (Centurea diffusa) and spotted knapweed (Centurea maculosa) is reduced in dry years by a reduction in the number of viable seeds per seed head and increases when above-normal precipitation occurs by increase in the number of heads/flower stem. Seed production was approximately 1,000-fold that needed to maintain observed levels of infestation. Seedlings emerging in April had a high rate of survival with most plants flowering the following season, while those emerging after May 15 had a very low survival rate and almost no flower stem production the following season.This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries.The Journal of Range Management archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform August 202

Reseeding Trials on Columbia Basin Rangelands Dominated by Winter Annual Grasses

From 1960 to 1975, a series of trials on the eastern side of the Columbia Basin north of the Snake River was conducted to determine the feasibility of establishing crested wheatgrass on rangelands now dominated by downy brome and medusahead. Excellent annual grass and annual broadleaf weed control was obtained with several herbicides, with atrazine at 1:1 kg/ha as a fallow treatment before seeding being the most satisfactory. Seeding in late autumn or early spring with a rangeland drill, modified to give some seedbed preparation in the row, combined with annual weed control, generally provided favorable conditions for germination and emergence of crested wheatgrass seedlings. However, seedlings failed to become established in most experiments. Trials with a soil fumigant, methyl bromide, resulted in excellent stands of established plants and presented strong evidence that with seedling plants under environmental stress, microbiological factors may be a primary cause of seedling failure.This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries.The Journal of Range Management archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform August 202

1997 Enterprise Budgets, Summer Fallow, Winter Wheat, Spring Barley Rotation, Columbia County, Washington State

This publication presents estimated costs and returns for this common crop rotation. It will help producers and others identify enterprise strengths and weakensses and determine financial requirements. Numerous tables help farmers figure costs and returns. 28 pages

Enterprise budgets, winter wheat-dry pea rotation, Columbia County, Washington State

This publication presents estimated costs and returns for this common crop rotation. It will help producers and others identify enterprise strengths and weakensses and determine financial requirements. Numerous tables help farmers figure costs and returns. 24 pages

Mid-Spring Burning Reduces Spotted Knapweed and Increases Native Grasses during a Michigan Experimental Grassland Establishment

The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com Infestations of the exotic perennial Spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.) hinder the restoration and management of native ecosystems on droughty, infertile sites throughout the Midwestern United States. We studied the effects of annual burning on knapweed persistence on degraded, knapweed-infested gravel-mine spoils in western Michigan. Our experiment included 48, 4-m2 plots seeded to native warm-season grasses in 1999 using a factorial arrangement of initial herbicide and fertility treatments. Beginning in 2003, we incorporated fire as an additional factor and burned half of the plots in late April or May for three years (2003-2005). Burning increased the dominance of warm-season grasses and decreased both biomass and dominance of knapweed in most years. Burning reduced adult knapweed densities in all three years of the study, reduced seedling densities in the first two years, and reduced juvenile densities in the last two years. Knapweed density and biomass also declined on the unburned plots through time, suggesting that warm-season grasses may effectively compete with knapweed even in the absence of fire. By the end of the study, mean adult knapweed densities on both burned (0.4-m2) and unburned plots (1.3-m2) were reduced to levels where the seeded grasses should persist with normal management, including the use of prescribed fire. These results support the use of carefully timed burning to help establish and maintain fire-adapted native plant communities on knapweed-infested sites in the Midwest by substantially reducing knapweed density, biomass, and seedling recruitment, and by further shifting the competitive balance toward native warm-season grasses