Indicadores de sostenibilidad y la herramienta IDEA: Un estudio de caso en una propiedad rural familiar de Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul

Para promover uma análise sobre a sustentabilidade em um determinado sistema de produção, torna-se fundamental levar em consideração uma abordagem que considere, minimamente, indicadores sociais, ambientais e econômicos.Neste tipo de levantamento, os índices de sustentabilidade apresentam-se enquanto resultados gerados por instrumentos de diagnóstico, a fim de possibilitar a coleta e a interpretação de informações. Assim, o presente artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar a utilização da ferramenta de Indicadores de Sustentabilidade das Explorações Agrícolas (IDEA) em uma propriedade rural familiar. A ferramenta IDEA leva em consideração as dimensões agroambiental, sócio-territorial e econômica. A partir do diagnóstico foi possível evidenciar que apesar de a ferramenta apresentar lacunas, constitui-se enquanto importante instrumento de análise, evidenciando que a propriedade objeto deste estudo possui baixos índices de sustentabilidade, necessitando a intervenção e correção de alguns pontos cruciais para que alcance níveis mais satisfatórios de sustentabilidade.To promote an analysis of sustainability in a particular production system, it is essential to consider an approach that takes into account at least social, environmental, and economic indicators. In this type of survey, sustainability indices are presented as results generated by diagnostic instruments to enable the collection and interpretation of information. Thus, this article aims to demonstrate the use of the Sustainability Indicators for Agricultural Farms (IDEA) tool on a family farm. The IDEA tool takes into account the agro-environmental, socio-territorial, and economic dimensions. Based on the diagnosis, it was possible to show that despite the tool having some gaps, it constitutes an important analysis instrument, demonstrating that the property studied in this research has low sustainability indices and requires intervention and correction of some crucial points to achieve more satisfactory levels of sustainability.Para promover un análisis de sostenibilidad en un sistema de producción determinado, es fundamental considerar un enfoque que tenga en cuenta al menos indicadores sociales, ambientales y económicos. En este tipo de encuesta, los índices de sostenibilidad se presentan como resultados generados por instrumentos de diagnóstico para permitir la recopilación e interpretación de información. Por lo tanto, este artículo tiene como objetivo demostrar el uso de la herramienta Indicadores de Sostenibilidad para Explotaciones Agrícolas (IDEA) en una finca familiar. La herramienta IDEA tiene en cuenta las dimensiones agroambiental, socio-territorial y económica. A partir del diagnóstico, fue posible evidenciar que aunque la herramienta tiene algunas limitaciones, constituye un importante instrumento de análisis, demostrando que la propiedad estudiada en esta investigación tiene bajos índices de sostenibilidad y requiere intervención y corrección de algunos puntos cruciales para alcanzar niveles más satisfactorios de sostenibilidad

Receptors for Hyaluronic Acid and Poliovirus: A Combinatorial Role in Glioma Invasion?

Background: CD44 has long been associated with glioma invasion while, more recently, CD155 has been implicated in playing a similar role. Notably, these two receptors have been shown closely positioned on monocytes. Methods and Findings: In this study, an up-regulation of CD44 and CD155 was demonstrated in established and earlypassage cultures of glioblastoma. Total internal reflected fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy revealed close proximity of CD44 and CD155. CD44 antibody blocking and gene silencing (via siRNA) resulted in greater inhibition of invasion than that for CD155. Combined interference resulted in 86 % inhibition of invasion, although in these investigations no obvious evidence of synergy between CD44 and CD155 in curbing invasion was shown. Both siRNA-CD44 and siRNA-CD155 treated cells lacked processes and were rounder, while live cell imaging showed reduced motility rate compared to wild type cells. Adhesion assay demonstrated that wild type cells adhered most efficiently to laminin, whereas siRNA-treated cells (p,0.0001 for both CD44 and CD155 expression) showed decreased adhesion on several ECMs investigated. BrdU assay showed a higher proliferation of siRNA-CD44 and siRNA-CD155 cells, inversely correlated with reduced invasion. Confocal microscopy revealed overlapping of CD155 and integrins (b1, avb1 and avb3) on glioblastoma cell processes whereas siRNAtransfected cells showed consequent reduction in integrin expression with no specific staining patterns. Reduced expression of Rho GTPases, Cdc42, Rac1/2/3, RhoA and RhoB, was seen in siRNA-CD44 and siRNA-CD155 cells. In contrast t

Carbonyl iron reduces anemia and improves effectiveness of treatment in under six-year-old children

The treatment of iron deficiency anemia in children usually consists in the use of ferrous sulfate solution, but this treatment does not always have the desired effectiveness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of chewable carbonyl iron tablets as an alternative for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in under six-year-old children. Seventy-three children from Brazilian Family Health Units in Santa Maria, Brazil, were included in this study. One group received chewable carbonyl iron (CI) tablets and a control group received a solution of ferrous sulfate (FS) for 90 days, both at a dose of 5 mg/Kg/day. Blood was drawn from study participants at 0, 30 and 90 days of treatment to evaluate the whole blood test, ferritin concentration, serum iron, and total iron binding capacity. We also evaluated the acceptance and adherence to treatment, and the occurrence of side effects during treatment. Hemoglobin increased 1.3 g/dL in the CI Group and 1.2 g/dL in the FS group during the first 30 days of treatment. After 90 days of treatment, the CI Group had significantly better results for hematocrit, MCV, MCH, iron binding capacity and ferritin concentration compared to the FS Group. The ferritin concentration was significantly higher in the CI Group at the end of the treatment (9.51 ng/mL to 26.16 ng/mL). Additionally, the treatment was better accepted with fewer adverse effects by this group. Chewable carbonyl iron tablets should be considered an important therapeutic option in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia of under six-year-old children

Carbonyl iron reduces anemia and improves effectiveness of treatment in under six-year-old children Ferro carbonila reduz anemia e melhora a efetividade do tratamento de crianças menores de 6 anos de idade

The treatment of iron deficiency anemia in children usually consists in the use of ferrous sulfate solution, but this treatment does not always have the desired effectiveness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of chewable carbonyl iron tablets as an alternative for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in under six-year-old children. Seventy-three children from Brazilian Family Health Units in Santa Maria, Brazil, were included in this study. One group received chewable carbonyl iron (CI) tablets and a control group received a solution of ferrous sulfate (FS) for 90 days, both at a dose of 5 mg/Kg/day. Blood was drawn from study participants at 0, 30 and 90 days of treatment to evaluate the whole blood test, ferritin concentration, serum iron, and total iron binding capacity. We also evaluated the acceptance and adherence to treatment, and the occurrence of side effects during treatment. Hemoglobin increased 1.3 g/dL in the CI Group and 1.2 g/dL in the FS group during the first 30 days of treatment. After 90 days of treatment, the CI Group had significantly better results for hematocrit, MCV, MCH, iron binding capacity and ferritin concentration compared to the FS Group. The ferritin concentration was significantly higher in the CI Group at the end of the treatment (9.51 ng/mL to 26.16 ng/mL). Additionally, the treatment was better accepted with fewer adverse effects by this group. Chewable carbonyl iron tablets should be considered an important therapeutic option in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia of under six-year-old children.<br>O tratamento da anemia ferropriva de crianças consiste, em sua maioria, no uso de solução de sulfato ferroso e este tratamento nem sempre apresenta a efetividade desejada. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a efetividade do ferro carbonila, na forma de comprimidos mastigáveis, como uma alternativa de tratamento para anemia ferropriva de crianças menores de seis anos de idade. Foram incluídas no estudo 73 crianças atendidas em PSFs de Santa Maria, RS. Um grupo recebeu comprimidos mastigáveis de ferro carbonila (CI) e o grupo controle recebeu solução de sulfato ferroso (FS), ambos a dose de 5mg/Kg/dia por 90 dias. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas nos dias zero, 30 e 90 do tratamento para avaliação de hemograma, ferritina, ferro sérico e capacidade total de ligação do ferro. Também foi avaliada a aceitação e aderência ao tratamento e relato de efeitos colaterais durante o tratamento. A hemoglobina teve um incremento de 1,3g/dL no grupo CI e 1,2g/dL no grupo FS aos 30 dias de tratamento. Após 90 dias de tratamento, o grupo CI apresentou resultados significativamente melhores para hematócrito, VCM, HCM, CTLF e ferritina. A ferritina do grupo CI teve um importante aumento ao final do tratamento (9,51ng/mL para 26,16ng/mL). O grupo CI apresentou melhor aceitação do tratamento e menos efeitos colaterais. Comprimidos mastigáveis de ferro carbonila poderiam ser considerados uma importante opção terapêutica para tratamento da anemia ferropriva de crianças menores de seis anos de idade