Anti fungal activity of N-phenylbenzohydroxamic acid against mu cor sp.

Some N-phenylbenzohydroxamic acid derivatives were prepared and their anti fungal activities were explored. The compound was characterized with I H-NMR and IR spectra. There are many hydrodynamic acids prevailing in living organisms. Hydrodynamic acids generally have low toxicities and have a wide spectrum of activities in all types of biological system. The anti fungal activities of the derivatives were studied preliminary against the growth of Mucor sp. by disc method. Different concentrations of acid were tested against the fungi and the growth was observed for 4 days. Nphenylbenzohydroxamic acid was markedly inhibitory to growth of Mucor sp. quantitatively at 10.5 ppm. Activity was apparently not mediated through a release of free hydroxyl-amine and it was directly controlling the growth of the above fungi. This was evidenced by the loss of normal pattern of growth and colour change in the mycelia

A Study on binding of hydroxamic acid derivative to DNA: experimental and computational approach

Small Gilligan molecules bind to DNA and artificially alter and/or inhibit the functioning of DNA. These small ligand molecules act as drug when alteration or inhibition of DNA function is required to cure or control a disease.The binding interaction of N-phenyllauroylhydroxamic acid with CTDNA was measured by four methods, (i) UV spectroscopic method, (ii) fluorescence spectroscopic method, (iii) viscosity Measurement and (iv) molecular docking. It showed that Nphenyllauroylhydroxamic acid-DNA complex has high absorption intensity than compound only and significant quenching of fluorescence intensity for the N-phenyllauroylhydroxamic-DNA complex. The values of binding constant, K, is 3.43x 10-2nd Stern Volmer constant Ksv is 4.8 x102 ng-1μl obtained by UV absorption and fluorescence spectral methods, respectively. The binding interaction is further confirmed by the increase in relative viscosity of CT-DNA. The molecular docking of N-phenyllauroylhydroxamic acid with the DNA confirmed to be a strong binder with DNA in the mode of groove

Experimental and molecular docking studies on DNA binding interaction of derivative of N-Arylhydroxamic Acid

Binding affinity towards DNA for small molecules such as derivatives of Hydroxamic acids is very important in the development of new therapeuticreagents The binding interaction of N- (o-chloro) phenyl benzoh ydroxamicacid (N-(o-chloro)PBHA) with Ct-DNA was measured by four methods, (i) UV absorption, (ii) fluorescence emission, (iii) viscosity and (iv)molecular docking. It showed that N-(o-chloro) PBHA-DNA complex has less absorption intensity than compound only. Significant enhancement of fluorescence intensity was observed for the N-(o-chloro) PBHA-DNA complex. The values of binding constant, Kb, is 7.87x 10-3 and Stern Volmer constant Ksv is 3.0x10-3 ng-1 μl were obtained by UV absorption and fluorescence spectral methods, respectively. The binding interaction trend was further confirmed by viscosity on–Ct-DNA complex which shows the increase in viscosity. The molecular docking of N-(o-chloro) PBHA with the DNA showed the groove binding nature. This observation further confirmed and supplemented the experimental results. The study revealed that the hydroxamic acid derivative seems to have promising anti-cancer drug like nature

Does India Really Need to Export Fish: Reflections and Upshots

The paper has studied the status of fish food security in India — production across sectors, export growth — analysing price realization in the domestic and export markets. The study has derived macro-economic estimates using primary and secondary data on fish production, consumption, distribution and exports on a spatio-temporal platform. The study has revealed that contrary to the classic demand theory, the willingness to pay a higher price does exist among the urban consumers. The decomposition analysis has indicated that export value realization is primarily due to “quantity effect” not by “price effect”. The price comparison of exported fish species has indicated higher prices in domestic than export market. The study has revealed significant deleterious fish demand-supply mismatch in domestic market and has advocated for government interventions in regulating fish exports. The paper has suggested adoption of concerted efforts for augmenting domestic fish consumption of high-value fishes through conducting awareness programmes for the masses

Rapid assessment of the fish trade, arrivals and price realization in Kerala

Fisheries contribute to around 3 % of the economy of Kerala and provides employment to about 2.14 lakh people including its secondary and tertiary sectors such as marketing and processing. The marine fish landings in Kerala (2015) was 4.82 lakh tonnes forming 73.36 % of the total fish production in the state. A considerable 30% reduction in the marine fish landings during 2015 compared to the average (2010-14) landings of 6.82 lakh tonnes was noticed

Effect of declining oil sardine landings on the livelihoods of traditional fishers in Kerala

The Indian oil sardine, is a very Sardinella longiceps important pelagic fish species which contributes to about 25% of the total marine fish production in India. The oil sardine contribution slipped to an all-time low of about 68,431 tonnes during 2015. Unfavourable environmental impact caused by the El Nino appears to have played a powerful role in the slump of oil sardine fishery. There have been considerable losses in the income and number of employment days. The losses are contributed not only by reduction and reduced catches but also reduced number of fishing operations and fisher man days. The present study probes with the following objectives viz., assessing the share of different crafts and gears harvesting oil sardine over the years, estimating the quantum of losses consequent to reduced landings and efforts and assessing the impact on reduction in landings on employment. The analysis revealed that the average employment loss during 2015 was estimated as 129.84 crores and the wage loss as 104.58 crore. The total economic loss incurred to the fishermen was found to be 234.42crores. The constraints expressed by the fishers indicated that reduced income and increased employment and increased debts were the major impending factor the for reduced landings of sardine. The study highlights the need for governmental guidelines in demarcating areas for sardine catches for the traditional fishermen so that the livelihood isn't affected and would reduce fishing pressure from other sector

Impulse effect of demonetisation on the fishing operations, trade and fish consumption in Ernakulam, Kerala

A rapid survey was conducted during 24-26 November 2016 in order to assess the effect of demonetisation of the ` 1000 and ` 500 currency bills on the marine fishing operations, trade and fish consumption in Ernakulam district, Kerala across different landing centres and markets. A structured schedule eliciting information on the details related to the total number of fishing operations, crew size, landings, price realised, etc. was used (Annexure 1). The traders (exporters, wholesalers and retailers) were queried on the changes in the quantum of transaction and prices (paid and demonstration realised) during the pre and past periods. The study analysed the extent of different fishing operations by mechanised, motorised and non-mechanised sector in the landing centres / harbours of Munambam, Chellanam, Fort Cochin, Cochin Fisheries harbour and Kalamukku during the pre-demonetised (prior to 8th November) and post demonetised (9-23 November 2016) period covering a fortnight The fishing operations include the number of trips, days of fishing, depth of fishing, crew size, crew share, operating cost etc. The traders from the Broadway, Thevara, Thoppumpady, Chambakkara and Kaloor fish markets were interviewed for assessing the status of the business during these days. In addition, consumers were interviewed on their pattern of fish consumption during the period

Climate Change Impacts on Livelihood Vulnerability Assessment-Adaptation and Mitigation Options in Marine Hot Spots in Kerala, India

Climate change, a global challenge facing mankind necessitates governments to develop mitigation and adaptation plans. The climate change has multidimensional impacts on environment, fishery, social, economic and development drivers. Climate change hot spots –can be defined as the ‘live labs’ where the manifestation of the climate change impacts is observed “first”. The South west India has been recognised as one among the twenty four hot spot regions identified globally. The present paper assessed the climate change vulnerability of over 800 fisher households in two major fishing villages of Kerala from the south west hotspot regions of India. Exposure (E), Sensitivity (S) and Adaptive Capacity (AC) are the pertinent factors that determine the vulnerability of households which were captured using a structured household questionnaire. One ninety eight indicators were identified in the construction of vulnerability indices of which 37 related to sensitivity, 36 related to exposure and the other 125 indicators dealt with adaptive capacity. The overall vulnerability of the regions was assessed and the analysis revealed that the Poonthura village of Kerala was more vulnerable when compared to Elamkunnapuzha. The coastal population on their vulnerability scores were categorised into low, moderate, high and very high based on score values and geo-spatial analysis was attempted. The results revealed that majority of fisher households in both villages were highly vulnerable to climate change, which is a major cause of concern. The study advocates the need for a bottom up approach with the proactive participation of the fishers in developing location specific adaptation and mitigation plans to ensure the livelihood of the fishers and the sustainable development of the fisheries sector in the climate change regime

Assessing Demand Drivers in Augmenting Fish Consumption in Ernakulam

Objectives: Assessing the fish consumption pattern, with special focus on analysing the trends and pattern of fish consumption and to identify the factors that drives people for fish consumption. Methods/Statistical analysis: The primary statistical tool of percentage analysis, conjoint analysis, Garrette ranking etc. have been carried out to assess various parameters of the study. One of the major analyses such as conjoint analysis and preference assessment index methods are carried out to find out the consumer preferences and pattern of fish consumption among the respondents. Findings/Application: The study points out that the average monthly income of the respondents has a very good role on the fish consumption as about 38% of the income is used for purchasing fish. 54.2% of the total respondents were purchasing fish on a daily basis and about 72% of the respondents depend on the retail centres for purchasing fish. Conjoint analysis results indicates that the optimum fish quality set, which provides the consumers with optimum benefit is the variety of fish from the retail fish markets which are highly fresh and good quality. Mackerel remains the most preferred fish with a high score of 0.577 followed by Sardine 0.561 in the preference index analysis and it has been found that the highest preference index is given for the availability of the fish species. Despite of any income group there exists a high uniformity between the respondents in buying mackerel as well as sardine. From Garrette ranking technique for constraints in fish consumption found that lack of fresh fish, high price and irregular supply as the major constraints for fish consumption

Assessment of fishers perception in developing climate change adaptation and mitigation plans

Climate change is a global challenge today, with its impacts felt worldwide. The coastal regions around globe are more prone to the impacts of climate change than the inlands, fishing being one of the primary occupations of the coast, the fishermen community is the most vulnerable group to be affected by the Climate change. Even with extensive scientific research in this arena there is a lacuna in finding a panacea to this existing problem. The objective of this study is to determine the scope of developing village level adaptation and mitigation plan for the community through a comprehensive analysis of the community perception on climate change impacts, vulnerability and existing adaptation mitigation strategies. In the chosen study villages of Ochanthuruth and Njarackal of Ernakulam district, the impact of climate change was felt on both resource and resource users based on a perception analysis made using comprehensive interview schedule administered across 300 households. The study revealed that the actual science and consequences of climate change impacts in a long run are not perceived well. The work suggests that concerted efforts in bringing about resilient community can be achieved through global understanding of the issue and coming up with area specific solutions with the inclusion of the much forgotten social factor- the stakeholders