Cosmological Constraints from Moments of the Thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect

In this paper, we explain how moments of the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect can constrain both cosmological parameters and the astrophysics of the intracluster medium (ICM). As the tSZ signal is strongly non-Gaussian, higher moments of tSZ maps contain useful information. We first calculate the dependence of the tSZ moments on cosmological parameters, finding that higher moments scale more steeply with sigma_8 and are sourced by more massive galaxy clusters. Taking advantage of the different dependence of the variance and skewness on cosmological and astrophysical parameters, we construct a statistic, ||/^1.4, which cancels much of the dependence on cosmology (i.e., sigma_8) yet remains sensitive to the astrophysics of intracluster gas (in particular, to the gas fraction in low-mass clusters). Constraining the ICM astrophysics using this statistic could break the well-known degeneracy between cosmology and gas physics in tSZ measurements, allowing for tight constraints on cosmological parameters. Although detailed simulations will be needed to fully characterize the accuracy of this technique, we provide a first application to data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and the South Pole Telescope. We estimate that a Planck-like full-sky tSZ map could achieve a <1% constraint on sigma_8 and a 1-sigma error on the sum of the neutrino masses that is comparable to the existing lower bound from oscillation measurements.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures, to be submitted to Phys. Rev. D; v2: 14 pages, 16 figures, matches PRD accepted version (changes from v1 include additional calculations with primordial non-Gaussianity and a new appendix discussing the tSZ kurtosis

Mesin Bor Otomatis Dengan Menggunakan Kamera Untuk Mendeteksi Koordinat Bor

This paper describes about automatic drilling machine used to drill pad and via in Printed Circuit Board (PCB). The automatic drilling machine used camera as the sensor to detect coordinates of pad and via in PCB. This system used several methods of image processing like threshold, grayscale, and fillrect to detect the pad and via coordinates. This processes result the pad and via coordinates in pixels, then, these coordinates would be converted to millimeters in order to perform the drilling process. The automatic drilling machine used two stepper motors to perform the movement of X-axis and Y-axis. The machine also used two DC motors for the movement of Z-axis and drilling motor. The movement of each axis was designed by using the thread of a screw in order to achieve the precision movement. Experiment results show that average errors of the X-axis and Y-axis movement are 0.275 mm and 0.283 mm respectively. The system also could detect correctly all pad and via in PCB

Spin-based quantum gating with semiconductor quantum dots by bichromatic radiation method

A potential scheme is proposed for realizing a two-qubit quantum gate in semiconductor quantum dots. Information is encoded in the spin degrees of freedom of one excess conduction electron of each quantum dot. We propose to use two lasers, radiation two neighboring QDs, and tuned to blue detuning with respect to the resonant frequencies of individual excitons. The two-qubit phase gate can be achieved by means of both Pauli-blocking effect and dipole-dipole coupling between intermediate excitonic states.Comment: Europhysics Letters 66 (2004) 1

Instabilities and sensitivities in a flow over a rotationally flexible cylinder with a rigid splitter plate

This paper investigates the origin of flow-induced instabilities and their sensitivities in a flow over a rotationally flexible circular cylinder with a rigid splitter plate. A linear stability and sensitivity problem is formulated in the Eulerian frame by considering the geometric nonlinearity arising from the rotational motion of the cylinder which is not present in the stationary or purely translating stability methodology. This nonlinearity needs careful and consistent treatment in the linearised problem particularly when considering the Eulerian frame or reference adopted in this study and not so widely considered. Two types of instabilities arising from the fluid-structure interaction are found. The first type of the instabilities is the stationary symmetry-breaking mode, which was well reported in previous studies. This instability exhibits a strong correlation with the length of the recirculation zone. A detailed analysis of the instability mode and its sensitivity reveals the importance of the flow near the tip region of the plate for the generation and control of this instability mode. The second type is an oscillatory torsional flapping mode, which has not been well reported. This instability typically emerges when the length of the splitter plate is sufficiently long. Unlike the symmetry breaking mode, it is not so closely correlated with the length of the recirculation zone. The sensitivity analysis however also reveals the crucial role played by the flow near the tip region in this instability. Finally, it is found that many physical features of this instability are reminiscent of those of the flapping (or flutter instability) observed in a flow over a flexible plate or a flag, suggesting that these instabilities share the same physical origin

Monitored Energy Use Patterns in Low-Income Housing in a Hot and Humid Climate

The Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) is metering energy use in two Habitat for Humanity developments. The objective is to understand how energy is used in low income housing and how it can be effectively reduced. The ten "control homes" come from a conventional housing project built by in 1993 Habitat for Humanity in Homestead, Florida. Another ten "experimental homes" have been recruited from the 190 home Jordan Commons development in the same vicinity. These houses, which are soon to be metered, are designed to be energy efficient with high SEER air conditioners, reflective roofing, solar water heaters and energy efficient lighting and appliances.' The instrumentation was installed in the control homes in July of 1994 with a year of 15-minute data now collected on all sites. Data are obtained on seven electrical end-uses (air conditioning, heating, hot water, dryer, range, refrigerator, washer/freezer) as well as total. Weather conditions are also monitored as well as interior comfort conditions (temperature and humidity) and hot water consumption and window ventilation status. The field data allow unique insight into how energy is used in low income housing in a hot and humid climate

Implementasi Teknologi NFC Untuk Akses Pintu Masuk Dan Keluar

Keamanan dalam akses membuka pintu sebuah ruangan merupakan faktor yang sangat mempengaruhi akan pentingnya peranan kunci yang dapat memberikan keamanan pada ruangan. Kunci sangat dibutuhkan dalam suatu keamanan sebagai pengaman yang digunakan untuk membuka pintu ruangan. Pintu merupakan salah satu akses masuk dan keluar ruangan yang membutuhkan tingkat keamanan tinggi untuk mencegah tingkat pencurian dan kehilangan ketika ditinggal oleh pemiliknya, dan juga mencegah apabila kunci di duplikat banyak cara yang dilakukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini memanfaatkan teknologi NFC ( Near Field Communication ) untuk akses pintu masuk dan keluar merupakan solusi untuk mengatasi masalah keamanan ruangan. Karena tag NFC memiliki id yang tidak dapat diduplikat beda dengan kunci pada umumnya. Sistem ini dibuat menggunakan mikrokontroler Arduino, NFC reader, selenoid doorlock untuk membuka pintu, dan LCD Untuk menampilkan nama dan id pengguna, Esp8266 untuk menghubungkan Arduino dengan server. Untuk menyimpan data log NFC via web server, dengan nama domain Ahmadsadiknfcskripsi.com. Dengan adanya penggunaan NFC di pintu masuk diharapkan orang yang masuk dan keluar ruangan dapat di - identifikasi terlebih dahulu sebelum diperbolehkan masuk atau keluar ruangan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan aplikasi sistem akses pintu masuk dan keluar menggunakan NFC yang bisa mengetahui waktu user masuk dan keluar ruangan,dan siapa saja yang memiliki hak untuk masuk dalam sebuah ruangan