IMPORTANCE AND METHOD OF TEACHING BIBLICAL HEBREW AND ARAMAIC IN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS

Aim. The aim of this paper is to show and explain the meaning and the importance teaching biblical Hebrew and Aramic in religious education. Method. The paper presents a descriptive study of philosophy of teaching Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic as an integral part of religious education, and at the same time it points out the main problems of this education which are connected with the fact that the original language of the Tanakh (one of the basic textbooks for religious education) is not the native language of the students being taught (even Israelis whose native language is Hebrew do not speak Biblical Hebrew) and studying it demands knowledge of Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic. Results. However, as the ideal method for teaching a foreign language does not exist, the choice of teaching methods must be based on the fact that each student or teacher prefers different method of wor

The end of the kingdom of Judah and its echoes in the Jewish calendar

© 2020, Slovenska Vzdelavacia Obstaravacia. All rights reserved. This article analyzes exegetically and historically the end of the Kingdom of Judah, identifying and subsequently interpreting its echoes in the Jewish Calendar. The books of TaNaKh serve as the primary resource. The fate of the chosen people of Israel was intricately linked to the presence of God in the midst of His people as represented by the Temple. Therefore, the loss of the Jerusalem Temple entailed profound feelings of loss, forsakenness, even hopelessness. The accompanying loss of land and basic religious and political institutions engendered a cycle of mourning and repentance at the end of which a glimpse of hope emerges of a future renewal of Jerusalem. The cycle of excruciating sorrow, mournful repentance, and signs of hopeful renewal are reflected in the liturgy and Jewish Calendar

SAME AND OTHER: FROM PLATO TO KIERKEGAARD. A READING OF A METAPHYSICAL THESIS IN AN EXISTENTIAL KEY

Aim. In his Kierkegaardian studies Jean Wahl states that there is a fundamental convergence between Plato and Soren Kierkegaard focused on the notions of identity and difference. Wahl suggests a sort of transposition of platonic metaphysics into the sphere of personal subjectivity. This paper intends to explain this passage from the same to the other from Plato to Kierkegaard. Concept. The article explains the passage from the same to the other from Plato to Kierkegaard. In both authors, the categories of being or not being, identity and difference, unity and multiplicity, becoming and rest explain the dynamic nature of the real. Results and conclusion. In both authors, the categories mensioned above explain the dynamic nature of the real. But while Plato applies these categories to the inteligibile word, Kierkegaard applies them to individual freedom, which supports reality as a whole. Cognitive value. Both searches lead to a single speculative answer and culminate in the same metaphysical categorisation, which applies analogously to everything real. Indeed, being and non-being, identity and difference, oneness and otherness, rest and becoming, explain the dialectic, intensive and relational dynamism of entia. At the same time, they essentially determine the power of human existence, infinitely possible and forever depending on the absolute

Basic philosophical ideas associated with the sabbath

The basic ideas of Judaism are present throughout the year during important Jewish holidays. However, some of these festive motives repeat much more often-even every seven days on the Sabbath holiday. Shabbat integrates a theological, historical and educational dimension. Shabbat is also a fundamental expression of the philosophical principles of Jewish culture, which became the basis for European civilization. The celebration of this holiday is a reminder of the history of salvation, of covenant and commitment, but also of the joy that comes from God as a chosen one. The most important motives that appear in the celebration of the Sabbath and to which we pay attention are: creation (Rash Hashana), deliverance (Passau), covenants with God (Shavuot), upbringing and education of people who live near their God (Sukot) with an emphasis on social justice, peace and life. Key words:

Basic philosophical ideas associated with the sabbath [Zakladni filosoficke ideje spojene se sabatem]

The basic ideas of Judaism are present throughout the year during important Jewish holidays. However, some of these festive motives repeat much more often-even every seven days on the Sabbath holiday. Shabbat integrates a theological, historical and educational dimension. Shabbat is also a fundamental expression of the philosophical principles of Jewish culture, which became the basis for European civilization. The celebration of this holiday is a reminder of the history of salvation, of covenant and commitment, but also of the joy that comes from God as a chosen one. The most important motives that appear in the celebration of the Sabbath and to which we pay attention are: creation (Rash Hashana), deliverance (Passau), covenants with God (Shavuot), upbringing and education of people who live near their God (Sukot) with an emphasis on social justice, peace and life. Key words:. © 2021, Slovenska Vzdelavacia Obstaravacia. All rights reserved

The seroepidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 in Europe

Objectives: To describe the seroepidemiology of herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 in the general populations of eight European countries to better understand recent reported changes in disease epidemiology. Methods: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, England and Wales, Finland, Germany, Netherlands, and Slovenia conducted national cross sectional serological surveys for HSV-1 and HSV-2 between 1989 and 2000. Survey sizes ranged from 3000 to 7166 sera. External quality control was ensured through reference panel testing. Results: Large intercountry and intracountry differences in HSV-1 and HSV-2 seroprevalence were observed. Age standardised HSV-1 seroprevalence ranged from 52% in Finland, to 57% in the Netherlands, 67% in Belgium, 81% in Czech Republic, and 84% in Bulgaria. Age standardised (>12 years) HSV-2 seroprevalence ranged from 24% in Bulgaria, to 14% in Germany, 13% in Finland, 11% in Belgium, 9% in Netherlands, 6% in Czech Republic, and 4% in England and Wales. In all countries, probability of seropositivity for both infections increased with age. A large proportion of teenagers and young adults remain HSV-1 susceptible particularly in northern Europe. Women were significantly more likely to be HSV-2 seropositive in six of seven (p<0.05) countries and HSV-1 seropositive in four of seven (p<0.05) countries, particularly in northern Europe. No significant evidence of a protective role of HSV-1 for HSV-2 infection was found adjusting for age and sex (p<0.05). Conclusions: There is large variation in the seroepidemiology of HSV-1 and HSV-2 across Europe. The observation that a significant proportion of adolescents are now HSV-1 susceptible may have implications for transmission and clinical presentation of HSV-1 and HSV-2

Plant functional group composition and large-scale species richness in European agricultural landscapes

Question: Which are the plant functional groups responding most clearly to agricultural disturbances? Which are the relative roles of habitat availability, landscape configuration and agricultural land use intensity in affecting the functional composition and diversity of vascular plants in agricultural landscapes? Location: 25 agricultural landscape areas in seven European countries. Methods: We examined the plant species richness and abundance in 4 km x 4 km landscape study sites. The plant functional group classification was derived from the BIOLFLOR database. Factorial decomposition of functional groups was applied. Results: Natural habitat availability and low land use intensity supported the abundance and richness of perennials, sedges, pteridophytes and high nature quality indicator species. The abundance of clonal species, C and S strategists was also correlated with habitat area. An increasing density of field edges explained a decrease in richness of high nature quality species and an increase in richness of annual graminoids. Intensive agriculture enhanced the richness of annuals and low nature quality species. Conclusions: Habitat patch availability and habitat quality are the main drivers of functional group composition and plant species richness in European agricultural landscapes. Linear elements do not compensate for the loss of habitats, as they mostly support disturbance tolerant generalist species. In order to conserve vascular plant species diversity in agricultural landscapes, the protection and enlargement of existing patches of ( semi-) natural habitats appears to be more effective than relying on the rescue effect of linear elements. This should be done in combination with appropriate agricultural management techniques to limit the effect of agrochemicals to the fields