Thermoluminescent aerosol analysis

A method for detecting and measuring trace amounts of aerosols when reacted with ozone in a gaseous environment was examined. A sample aerosol was exposed to a fixed ozone concentration for a fixed period of time, and a fluorescer was added to the exposed sample. The sample was heated in a 30 C/minute linear temperature profile to 200 C. The trace peak was measured and recorded as a function of the test aerosol and the recorded thermoluminescence trace peak of the fluorescer is specific to the aerosol being tested

Method for detecting pollutants

A method is described for detecting and measuring trace amounts of pollutants of the group consisting of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide in a gaseous environment. A sample organic solid material that will undergo a chemical reaction with the test pollutant is exposed to the test environment and thereafter, when heated in the temperature range of 100-200 C., undergoes chemiluminescence that is measured and recorded as a function of concentration of the test pollutant. The chemiluminescence of the solid organic material is specific to the pollutant being tested

A thermoluminescent method for aerosol characterization

A thermoluminescent method has been used to study the interactions of aerosols with ozone. The preliminary results show that ozone reacts with many compounds found in aerosols, and that the thermoluminescence curves obtained from ozonated aerosols are characteristic of the aerosol. The results suggest several important applications of the thermoluminescent method: development of a detector for identification of effluent sources; a sensitive experimental tool for study of heterogeneous chemistry; evaluation of importance of aerosols in atmospheric chemistry; and study of formation of toxic, electronically excited species in airborne particles

Theoretical Reasons for Economic Sociology

In this paper I try to justify necessity of developing economic sociology in social sciences. In doing so, I present economic sociology as a sub-discipline. The text draws on the interdisciplinary strengths of economic sociology. The core of the article are arguments why economic sociology may be helpful to understand economic life in better way than economics does. The sociological approach, which is different from the economic approach, may be very useful to better understanding economic mechanisms, which are in fact, social mechanisms. The motivations of writing this paper is to explain that using the sociological approach to economic topics has a great research potential and should be still developed. Some economists and sociologists assume that there are separate spheres: the first one is an arena for rational economic activity (the sphere of calculation and efficiency) and the second one, the sphere of sentiment and solidarity. This is an incorrect separation. Real economy consists not only of market-mediated transactions. Economic life is always social life in which human beings participate. Reducing human nature only to economic dimension is an anthropological mistake

Carbon-catalyzed oxidation of SO2 by NO2 and air

A series of experiments was performed using carbon particles (commercial furnace black) as a surrogate for soot particles. Carbon particles were suspended in water, and gas mixtures were bubbled into the suspensions to observe the effect of carbon particles on the oxidation of SO2 by air and NO2. Identical gas mixtures were bubbled into a blank containing only pure water. After exposure each solution was analyzed for pH and sulfate. It was found that NO2 greatly enhances the oxidation of SO2 to sulfate in the presence of carbon particles. The amount of sulfate found in the blanks was significantly less. Under the conditions of these experiments no saturation of the reaction was observed and SO2 was converted to sulfate even in a highly acid medium (pH or = 1.5)

Theoretical Reasons for Economic Sociology

In this paper I try to justify necessity of developing economic sociology in social sciences. In doing so, I present economic sociology as a sub-discipline. The text draws on the interdisciplinary strengths of economic sociology. The core of the article are arguments why economic sociology may be helpful to understand economic life in better way than economics does. The sociological approach, which is different from the economic approach, may be very useful to better understanding economic mechanisms, which are in fact, social mechanisms. The motivations of writing this paper is to explain that using the sociological approach to economic topics has a great research potential and should be still developed. Some economists and sociologists assume that there are separate spheres: the first one is an arena for rational economic activity (the sphere of calculation and efficiency) and the second one, the sphere of sentiment and solidarity. This is an incorrect separation. Real economy consists not only of market-mediated transactions. Economic life is always social life in which human beings participate. Reducing human nature only to economic dimension is an anthropological mistake

Strain and dynamic measurements using fiber optic sensors embedded into graphite/epoxy tubes

Graphite/epoxy tubes were fabricated with embedded optical fibers to evaluate the feasibility of monitoring strains with a fiber optic technique. Resistance strain gauges were attached to the tubes to measure strain at four locations along the tube for comparison with the fiber optic sensors. Both static and dynamic strain measurements were made with excellent agreement between the embedded fiber optic strain sensor and the strain gauges. Strain measurements of 10(exp -7) can be detected with the optical phase locked loop (OPLL) system using optical fiber. Because of their light weight, compatibility with composites, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and based on the static and dynamic results obtained, fiber optic sensors embedded in composites may be useful as the sensing component of smart structures