A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of using Cold Needle for giving Intramuscular Injection to Reduce Pain Perception among Adults admitted in Medical Wards at Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai

An interventional study was carried out to find the effectiveness of using cold needle for giving intramuscular injection to reduce pain perception. Simple random sampling technique was used, 60 male and female subjects who are receiving intramuscular injection admitted in Medical wards at Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital were selected. 30 subjects for each experimental and control group. True experimental design was used to conduct the study. Using cold needle technique intramuscular injection was given for experimental group. For Control group routine technique was given. Post assessment was done after interventions for both groups by using Wong Baker’s Faces Pain Scale. Data was analysed with both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Independent T test was used to compare the effectiveness between experimental and control group and Karl Pearson’s co efficient of correlation was used to find out the relationship between demographic variable. After cold needle technique the mean pain score in experimental group was 0.67 and in control group was 6.73 after routine technique (Independent t test t = 24.23, P = 0.001). This shows that using cold needle technique is more effective in reducing pain perception among subjects received intramuscular injection. The investigator thereby concludes that using cold needle technique has reduced the level of pain perception on subjects received intramuscular injection. Thus it encompasses commitment by nurse who can practice Cold needle technique to reduce the level of pain perception

Potential of Technology Startups to Bring Down Under- Employment among Engineering Students

For an effective use of India‟s youth population, better infrastructure, opportunities for development and employment must be provided. According to All India Council for Technical Education, more than 60% of eight lakh engineers graduating every year remain unemployed (2017). This is a loss of 20 lakh man days annually. This occurs not only due to the shortage of jobs but also as a result of the unemployability of students. The skills of engineers need to be used through start-ups that would provide an opportunity for innovation. This paper focusses on the problems faced by start-ups in engineering colleges and the opportunities for technology start-ups

Quadcopter based emergency medikit delivery system for hill stations

Nowadays UAV’s are more common for search, rescue and surveillance.  A quadcopter UAV system is proposed to be used for aerial transportation of medicine. A Quadcopter has a drive chassis having a propeller, ESC, motor, frames and battery. The quadcopter is supported with GPS to know the exact position. To know the exact location and delivering medicine to accident area, an audio and video system is used. The quad frame built from quality materials, which are reinforced and much more stronger, this reduces arm breakage. A set of two plastic propellers, one normal and one pusher (reverse) to rotate and lift up the quadcopter. The brushless out-runner will provide more power with its high efficiency, long run times. The ESC includes programmable motor braking, soft start for helicopters and planes, timing, throttle input range and low-voltage cutoff. Lithium-Polymer (Li-Po) battery for very lightweight, small size and durability without losing charging capacity. The whole quadcopter process can be monitored and controlled by a remote control system, quadcopter will capture the live video and current status can be seen visualized and provides information about all the other exact conditions in real-time

Investigation on Battery for Electric Vehicle Application

Battery powered electric vehicles are becoming increasingly important in the automotive industry. It is hard to decide which battery meets all the most important characteristics from different perspectives such as energy storage efficiency, construction characteristics, cost price, safety and service life of today’s Electric Vehicles. Investigation on different types of batteries are discussed in this paper. Among the most important components of a car is the battery. Only the stored electrical energy in the battery provides the power for BEVs which is the unique source of energy. Various types of batteries are used in electric cars depending on their systems. The lithium-ion battery is the most common electric car battery. A battery which is considered zero emission is abbreviated as ZEBRA. In this paper, we can gain knowledge over the different types of battery options available for electric vehicles, along with their characteristics

Properties of fuzzy chromatic numbers in intuitionistic fuzzy graphs

The theory of fuzzy coloring is analyzed with its properties in consideration of the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Graphs (IFGs) nature. The fuzzy chromatic number obtained by applying fuzzy coloring technique to the vertices and edges of IFGs are examined

An application of a strong and complete intuitionistic fuzzy graph by the concept of fuzzy coloring

The hypothesis of fuzzy coloring to a strong and complete intuitionistic fuzzy graph is conferred with a real time application. The conduction of the Academic Leadership Committee Meeting of a higher educational institution is illustrated using the concept of fuzzy coloring

Fuzzy coloring and total fuzzy coloring of various types of intuitionistic fuzzy graphs

In this paper, fuzzy coloring and total fuzzy coloring of intuitionistic fuzzy graphs are introduced. The fuzzy chromatic number, fuzzy chromatic index, total fuzzy chromatic number and total fuzzy chromatic index of both vertices and edges in intuitionistic fuzzy graphs are defined and their properties are analysed with illustrations

Diagnostic circulating biomarkers to detect vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy: Potential screening tool of the future?

With the increasing prevalence of diabetes in developing and developed countries, the socio-economic burden of diabetic retinopathy (DR), the leading complication of diabetes, is growing. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is currently one of the leading causes of blindness in working-age adults worldwide. Robust methodologies exist to detect and monitor DR; however, these rely on specialist imaging techniques and qualified practitioners. This makes detecting and monitoring DR expensive and time-consuming, which is particularly problematic in developing countries where many patients will be remote and have little contact with specialist medical centres. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is largely asymptomatic until late in the pathology. Therefore, early identification and stratification of vision-threatening DR (VTDR) is highly desirable and will ameliorate the global impact of this disease. A simple, reliable and more cost-effective test would greatly assist in decreasing the burden of DR around the world. Here, we evaluate and review data on circulating protein biomarkers, which have been verified in the context of DR. We also discuss the challenges and developments necessary to translate these promising data into clinically useful assays, to detect VTDR, and their potential integration into simple point-of-care testing devices

Deep Learning

Deep Learning was developed as a Machine learning approach to influence advanced input-output mappings. It had been for learning concerning multiple levels of illustration and abstraction to create sense of the information such as images, text and sound. Deep learning excels at distinguish patterns in unstructured information, that most of the people grasp as media like images, sound, video and text

Bioactive potential of selected actinobacterial strains against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other clinical pathogens

1307-1311Marine actinobacteria produces diverse array of metabolites with novel chemical structures with potential bioactivities. Exploring the understudied ecosystems may increase the chance of getting novel actinobacteria and new metabolites.The present study explores the bioactive potential of actinobacteria isolated from the marine ecosystem of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Bay of Bengal, against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other clinical pathogens. The crude extracts from 15 marine actinobacterial strains were produced through agar surface fermentation using YEME agar and extracted using ethyl acetate. The crude extracts were tested against the standard strain M. tuberculosis H37Rv, clinical drug sensitive M. tuberculosis, and MDR M. tuberculosis strains by luciferase reporter phage (LRP) assay at 500 µg/ml concentration. The anti-microbial activity against other clinical pathogens, namely, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi, Klebsiellapneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Cryptococcusneoformans and non-tubercular mycobacteria, M. smegmatis was studied by agar plug method. Among the 15 extracts that were tested for anti-tubercular activity, the crude ethyl acetate extract of the 14 actinobacterial strains showed anti-tubercular activity against at least one of the three M. tuberculosis strains. Exceptionally, the ethyl acetate extract of strain SACC 168 inhibited all three M. tuberculosis strains tested. In anti-microbial screening, the crude extracts of eight strains showed anti-microbial activity including six strains, which were active against the non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Further purification and characterization of the active molecule from the potential extracts will pave way for the potential natural product candidate for tuberculosis and other microbial infections