Karakterisasi Morfologi Tiga Genus Serangga Penggerek (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea)

Morphological characterization of three genere of insect borer (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea). The objective of the research was to characterize the morphological differences of insect borers between Genus Etiella (Pyralidae: Phycitinae), Scirpophaga (Crambidae: Schoenobiinae), and Ostrinia (Crambidae: Pyraustinae). Observed characters were based on external morphology and genitalia. The result showed that Crambidae has praecinctorium in the tympanic organs, while lack of in Pyralidae. Phycitinae had chaetosema, proboscis, cubital pecten and the elongated forewing. Pyraustinae was lack of chaetosema and their forewings are wide towards termen. Whereas, Schoenobiinae had chaetosema with elongated forewing. Etiella had scales on antemedial area and their veins M2-M3 are fused. Forewing of Ostrinia had 11 veins and the corpus bursae shape was round irregular. Forewing of Scirpophaga had 12 veins, anal hair tuft, coremata, and the corpus bursae is round. The main characteristics used in identification at family and subfamily level were the praecinctorium, chaetosema, the shape of the forewings, proboscis, and cubital pecten. Whereas at genus level; anal hair tuft, coremata, and shape of the corpus bursae formed the basis of characterization. The morphological characterization was used to make the key identification of insect borers in Indonesia

Rapid Detection of the Africanized Honey Bee: a Tool for Indonesian Animal Quarantine

Molecular detection methods were used to determine if Africanized Honey Bees (AHBs) are present in populations of imported Apis mellifera in Indonesia. The cytochrome b (cyt b gene) was amplified from mitochondrial DNA and digested with the BglII restriction enzyme (cytb/BglII). Two types of animal DNA extraction kits were used and found suitable for rapid preparation of DNA from A. mellifera by the Animal Quarantine facility. Results showed that all 94 colony samples from beekeepers in Java produced a 485 bp PCR product from the amplification of this gene. Two DNA fragments of 194 and 291 bp from all samples were produced after digestion with BglII. This cytb/BglII result together with the DNA sequence of cyt b showed that all collected samples of A. mellifera were the non-AHB type. Hence, this study did not detect AHB in Indonesia

Scientists publishing research in English from Indonesia: Analysing outcomes of a training intervention to inform institutional action

Margaret Cargill, Patrick O, Connor, Rika Raffiudin, Nampiah Sukarno, Berry Juliandi and Iman Rusman

Kekerabatan rayap tanah Macrotermes gilvus Hagen (Blattodea: Termitidae) dari dua habitat di Bogor

Rayap tanah Macrotermes gilvus (Hagen) (Blattodea: Termitidae) yang termasuk ke dalam subfamili Macrotermitinae tersebar luas di Asia Tenggara, diantaranya Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura, Myanmar, Filipina, Vietnam, dan Thailand. Kajian tentang rayap ini sudah banyak dilakukan, akan tetapi kajian tentang hubungan kekerabatan rayap pada habitat yang berbeda belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekerabatan rayap tanah M. gilvus di Kampus Institut Pertanian Bogor, Dramaga dan Cagar Alam Yanlappa, Jasinga-Bogor. Analisis kekerabatan rayap menggunakan pendekatan perilaku agonistik dan teknik molekuler menggunakan DNA mitokondria gen COI. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan pendekatan perilaku rayap-rayap yang berasal dari kedua lokasi berasal dari tetua yang berbeda. Walaupun demikian, berdasarkan teknik molekuler rayap-rayap dari kedua lokasi mempunyai kekerabatan yang sangat dekat. Pendekatan perilaku yang diujikan menunjukkan bahwa diantara koloni rayap yang diujikan berasal dari tetua yang berbeda. Sedangkan, pengujian dengan deteksi molekuler masih belum bisa menunjukkan hasil yang selaras dengan uji agonistik

Strategi PT. Indosat Tbk dalam Mensosialisasikan NAMA dan Logo Kepada Customer

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai pentingnya pemahaman mengenai sosialisasi yang dilakukan oleh suatu Perusahaan dalam merubah nama dan logo baru sebagai cerminan identitas suatu Perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis strategi yang dilakukan PT. Indosat Tbk dalam mensosialisasikan nama dan logo baru kepada customer yang sesuai dengan strategi komunikasi 7C Cutlip & Center. Metode penelitian adalah kualitatif dengan eknik pengumpulan data primer melalui wawancara dan data sekunder dari buku – buku yang relevan dengan penelitian, dokumen Perusahaan dan internet. Teknik analisis data kualitatif menggunakan model Miles & Hubberman sementara eknik pemeriksaan kepercayaan berupa triangulasi sumber. Berdasarkan hasil peneitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa strategi komunikasi 7C oleh Cutlip & Center yaitu kredibilitas yang cukup dalam melakukan sosialisasi dengan dibantu oleh divisi yang terkait, konten dan konteks yang disampaikan sesuai dan dapat dimengerti, kesinambungan dan konsistensi isi pesan selalu diperhatikan, saluran komunikasi telah optimal mencakup media cetak, elektronik, dan tatap muka

Perilaku Bertelur dan Pemilihan Habitat Bertelur oleh Capung Jarum Pseudagrion Pruinosum (Burmeister) (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)

Pseudagrion pruinosum (Burmeister) is a common damselfly that is widely distributed in Southeast Asia. However, information related to the oviposition behavior and habitat is still limited. This study was aimed to determine the behavior of P. pruinosum when laying eggs and characterized the oviposition habitat. This research used focal sampling method to observe oviposition behavior and measure habitat parameters on egg-laying location. Results showed, there was mate guarding when P. pruinosum females lay eggs. The male forms a tandem formation (contact mate guarding), then released the female and keep a guarding behavior around the female (noncontact mate guarding). Eggs were placed by the female on plant tissue with the technique of positioning the body to remain on the surface and then submerged. There is no tendency of P. pruinosum behavior towards one type or technique. Based on the results of principal component analysis, 75.8% of habitat components can be described for egg-laying habitat. Air temperature, pH, light intensity, and heterogeneity of vegetation positively correlated with the occurrence of egg-laying while TDS, humidity, water depth, and water temperature were negatively correlated. The results of this study concluded that the characteristics of egg-laying techniques included, i.e contact and noncontact mate guarding by the males and females putting eggs on the surface then submerged into water

Stingless Bee Foraging Behavior and Pollen Resource Use in Oil Palm and Rubber Plantations in Sumatra

Land transformation in the tropical rainforests to monoculture plantations leads to biodiversity loss and abiotic change. In the oil palm and rubber plantations of Sumatra, we explored the foraging behavior of stingless bees Lepidotrigona terminata, Sundatrigona moorei, and Tetragonula drescheri. Pollen was collected from bees returning to the nest to investigate the floral resources collected by bees inside and outside research plots from both types of plantations. Foraging behavior in both plantations showed an increase in the number of individuals returning to the nest with pollen as the morning progressed, followed by a gradual decrease in the afternoon. The foraging behavior of each stingless bee species was influenced by different environmental factors. While the activity of S. moorei was positively correlated with humidity, the activity of L. terminate was negatively correlated with temperature. We found that a single pollen load was dominated by a single plant taxon in all bee species in both plantations. All pollen collected in the rubber plantation was from Hevea Brasiliensis, suggests that rubber is a potential pollen resource. However, in the oil palm plantation, Asteraceae pollen was the dominant taxon collected by both L. terminata and S. moorei. The comparison to the plant inventories in the plots suggests that almost half of the pollen collected by these two species in the oil palm hives was from outside the plantations, probably in forested patches and surrounding gardens. Finally, based on multivariate analyses, we found no competition for these floral resources between L. terminata and S. moorei

Comparison of common green bottle flies (Lucilia sericata Meigen) and stingless bees (Tetragonula laeviceps Smith) as pollinating agents for imported true shallot (Allium cepa L.) seed production

Importance of the work: The pollination process for true shallot seeds (TSSs) is usually conducted based on high-cost hand pollination that could be replaced by insects. Objectives: To investigate two insect species as possible replacements to hand pollination for TSS production. Materials & Methods: Common green bottle flies (Lucilia sericata Meigen) and stingless bees (Tetragonula laeviceps Smith) were used as pollinating agents for shallot plants in cages. The applications consisted of 100 flies, 300 flies, 500 flies, 1 colony of stingless bees, hand pollination, open pollination and a control. Variables observed were insect activity, pollination success and seed quality. Results: Green bottle flies visited more flowers (15.2 ± 4.5 flowers/min) and spent, significantly, more time on flowers (135 ± 46 s/flower) than stingless bees (5 ± 3 flowers/min and 81 ± 18 s/flower, respectively). The highest pollination success and seed quality values were recorded for the hand pollination group (61.91% and 1.22 g, respectively) though these were not significantly different from the results using 500 green bottle flies (60.56% and 1.09 g, respectively). However, the seeds produced using stingless bee pollination had a significantly higher germination rate. Main finding: Green bottle flies and stingless bees could be applied (partially or totally) as a replacement for hand pollination for imported TSS production. However, due to the possible negative consequences of the mass production of green bottle flies, the application of stingless bees as pollinating agents for TSS production would be preferable