Der Beitrag von Professionen zur politischen Steuerung und Governance

Professionen sind in der Politik Akteure mit einer besonderen Expertise, die in bestimmten Bereichen die Verantwortung für die Gestaltung des jeweiligen Politikfeldes übernehmen können. Als Teile von Politik- und Verhandlungsnetzwerken sind Professionen in Governanceprozesse eingebunden. Die Voraussetzung dafür ist, dass Professionen sich von anderen organisierten Interessen durch eine besondere Ethik unterscheiden. Diese Ethik muss den Anstoß für interne Reflexionsprozesse mit dem Ziel geben, die Qualität der professionellen Leistung zu garantieren. Im liberalisierten Markt der EU wird dies zu einer der wichtigsten Herausforderung für die Professionen.   The Role of Professionals in the Process of Political Control and Governance In politics, members of the professions are actors with a specific expertise; they are and can be made responsible for the shaping of certain policies. As parts of political and bargaining networks, members of the professions are involved in the process of political governance. In contrast to other associational actors, members of the professions act on a basis of ethical codes. This ethical background should provide a strong motivation for internal reflexions on the goals und the quality of professional products or services. One of the main challenges for professionals in the open market of the EU is to avoid the loss of professionalism

Different types of additional somatosensory information do not promote immediate benefits on gait in patients with Parkinson's disease and older adults

AbstractPlantar cutaneous stimulation has been shown to improve gait in Parkinson's disease (PD), but the effects of different types of insoles have not been tested. We evaluated the immediate effect of different types of insoles on gait in PD patients and healthy older adults. Nineteen PD patients and nineteen healthy older adults performed and performed a walking task at their self-selected speed in three conditions: conventional insole, insole with a raised ridge around the foot perimeter, and insole with half-spheres. Plantar sensation was evaluated before and after the walking protocol. There were no differences between groups for plantar sensation before and after the walking task. PD patients demonstrated reduced stride length and stride velocity. There were no immediate benefits offered by the insoles on gait of either group. The increased plantar cutaneous stimulation does not promote immediate benefits on gait in PD patients and healthy older adults