7,819 research outputs found
Cavitation Inception - A Selective Review
This paper reviews recent developments in selected cavitation research areas which have been active mainly within the past two years. The new understanding resulting from this work is summarized. Research topics discussed are cavitation inception on smooth surfaces, on vortex cavitation and scaling, on the measurement of cavitation nuclei, and on the effects of polymer additives. Because of the selective nature of the review, a fairly comprehensive listing of recent contributions to the literature on these and related aspects of cavitation research is an essential part of the exposition
Spin-torque generation by dc or ac voltages in magnetic layered structures
A general expression of the current induced spin torque in a magnetic layered
structure in the presence of external dc or ac voltages is derived in the
framework of the scattering matrix approach. A detailed analysis is performed
for a magnetic-nonmagnetic-magnetic trilayer connected to external leads in the
presence of dc voltage bias in the ballistic regime. Alternatively, the
possibility of producing spin torque by means of the adiabatic ac modulation of
external gate voltages (quantum pumping) is proposed and discussed
Pressure distribution on a hydrofoil running near the water surface
The effect of the free surface on the pressure distribution on the upper side of a shallow-running hydrofoil is considered from a general point of view. Previous theoretical and experimental work is reviewed in order to compare the range of flow variables for which each treatment of the surface proximity problem is valid. A qualitative theoretical expression for the pressure is developed. This result shows the relative importance of the pertinent parameters and it is shown to agree qualitatively with previous experiments as well as with new pressure measurements made in the Free Surface Water Tunnel. The above considerations reinforce the view generally held in the past, that the methods of potential theory when properly applied to hydrofoils at shallow submergences may be expected to lead to valid and useful results
On the origin of \gamma-ray emission in \eta\ Carina
\eta\ Car is the only colliding-wind binary for which high-energy \gamma\
rays are detected. Although the physical conditions in the shock region change
on timescales of hours to days, the variability seen at GeV energies is weak
and on significantly longer timescales. The \gamma-ray spectrum exhibits two
features that can be interpreted as emission from the shocks on either side of
the contact discontinuity. Here we report on the first time-dependent modelling
of the non-thermal emission in \eta\ Car. We find that emission from primary
electrons is likely not responsible for the \gamma-ray emission, but
accelerated protons interacting with the dense wind material can explain the
observations. In our model, efficient acceleration is required at both shocks,
with the primary side acting as a hadron calorimeter, whilst on the companion
side acceleration is limited by the flow time out of the system, resulting in
changing acceleration conditions. The system therefore represents a unique
laboratory for the exploration of hadronic particle acceleration in
non-relativistic shocks.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Letter
Experiments on Circular Arc and Flat Plate Hydrofoils in Noncavitating and Full Cavity Flows
An investigation in the High Speed Water Tunnel of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic characteristics of sharp-edged hydrofoils is described. The lift, drag, and pitching moment were measured in cavitating and noncavitating flows for flat plate and circular arc profiles. The theory of Wu for the forces on sharp-edged profiles in full cavity flow and the experimental results showed good agreement over a wide range of attack angles
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