Emission Spectra of Isomeric Trifluorotoluidines

525-52

The use of reflectance measurements in the determination of diffusion of reactive dyes into cellulosic fiber

Reactive dye fixation and color yield of a dyed cellulosic fiber significantly depend on the dye diffusion into the fiber polymer system. In case of pad-dyeing processes, dye diffusion exerts a more significant influence on dye fixation and hence color yield. This article proposes a new method for determining the extent of diffusion of reactive dyes into the fiber in pad dyeings using Kubelka-Munk equation. The K/S values are used as in an equation, %D (extent of dye diffusion) = 100 - [(K/S diffusion index)/ (K/S reference) × 100]. The article introduces and explains how to determine the new K/S variables used in this equation. The new method is simple, nondestructive, relatively faster, and applicable to industrial dyehouses, and was validated by a microscopic analysis of dyed fiber cross-section carried out in this work and to the dye manufacturer's recommendations for dyebath-ingredient concentrations

Case Study of Failure of a R.C.C. Counterfort Retaining Wall

It is a fact that the retaining wall failures have occurred in the distant past as also in recent times and will recur inevitably in future. The reasons of failure are ultimately the errors of judgment to which no humans including the greatest of engineers are immune. Free flow of information on failure incidents is greatly inhibited in most of the cases by the natural tendency to avoid publicizing our mistakes although all human are prone to them. The present study through light on a failure of a recently constructed R.C.C. counter fort Retaining wall. The wall is located near Sangli city in Maharashtra state of India. The wall was constructed in 2003 and there was a heavy rainfall occurred in all over the Maharashtra state continuously in the year 2005 and 2006 subsequently in the catchments of river Krishna. The wall could not sustain the flood impact and there was a sliding, collapse and even rotational failure at some portion of wall was observed. Basically this wall was constructed to protect a village road about 1800m along a stream from flood water. Failure of any structure is usually not attributable to a single cause but in the present case at the prima-facie, it seems that the wall failed due to heavy flood and backwater in the stream from river Krishna and the improper design criteria. The other principle causes of the failure are found out and the remedial measures have been suggested. In this article, an attempt has been made by the authors to make an unbiased technological analysis of the data available, motivated by a desire to find ways of avoiding past mistakes and not sitting on judgment on them

Heat Stress, Hydrogen Peroxide and Antioxidant Defenses in Horticultural Crops

Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architectur

Naturally Occurring Hydroxy Napthoquinones and Their Iron Complexes as Modulators of Radiation Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Synaptosomes

The modulation of radiation induced lipid peroxidation in synaptosomes by iron (II) and iron (III) complexes of two naturally occurring and therapeutically relevant naphthoquinones viz. 5,hydroxy-1,4 naphthoquinone; juglone and 2,hydroxy-1,4 naphthoquinone; lawsone, have been studied. At lower concentrations the complexes enhance lipid peroxidation predominantly through redox cycling as observed for Fe(II)- juglonate while at higher concentrations the complexes tend to limit lipid peroxidation through fast recombinations

Effect of pharmacovigilance training programme on quantitative and qualitative adverse drug reaction reporting

Background: Adverse Drug Reactions(ADRs) are required to monitored in post marketing phase for unstudied ADR or beneficial effect which were not evident in controlled study design, but ADRs are usually under reported due to misbelieves or ignorance of health care worker. There is increasing numbers of adverse drug reaction monitoring centers in India affiliated to governing council but are in primitive phase. Also, there is lack of knowledge and attitude towards necessity for proper reporting of ADR, understanding of terminologies. Hence present study was undertaken to assess out of educational intervention in the form of simulated ADR workshop.Methods: Hundred nursing staff of JNMC were trained through Simulation Workshop i.e. initial knowledge as assessed before intervention, followed by explanations of every terminology essential for quality reporting of ADR. Ideal ADR reports were provided for study and ADR scenario was given for reporting of ADR. Deficiencies in reported ADR explained to participants. Post intervention knowledge and reporting was assessed. Deficiencies in actual ADR were pursued for three months.Results: There was statistically significant improvement observed in knowledge (p <0.01) and corresponding, proportionate quality parameters of ADRs as suggested by Z test.Conclusions: Educational intervention through simulated ADR and understanding about significance of ADR reporting’s and related terminologies improves quality as well as numbers of ADR reporting

Variational principle for frozen-in vortex structures interacting with sound waves

General properties of conservative hydrodynamic-type models are treated from positions of the canonical formalism adopted for liquid continuous media, with applications to the compressible Eulerian hydrodynamics, special- and general-relativistic fluid dynamics, and two-fluid plasma model including the Hall-magnetohydrodynamics. A variational formulation is found for motion and interaction of frozen-in localized vortex structures and acoustic waves in a special description where dynamical variables are, besides the Eulerian fields of the fluid density and the potential component of the canonical momentum, also the shapes of frozen-in lines of the generalized vorticity. This variational principle can serve as a basis for approximate dynamical models with reduced number of degrees of freedom.Comment: 7 pages, revtex4, no figure