38 research outputs found
Development and internal validation of a machine learning prediction model for low back pain non-recovery in patients with an acute episode consulting a physiotherapist in primary care
Get PDFBACKGROUND: While low back pain occurs in nearly everybody and is the leading cause of disability worldwide, we lack instruments to accurately predict persistence of acute low back pain. We aimed to develop and internally validate a machine learning model predicting non-recovery in acute low back pain and to compare this with current practice and 'traditional' prediction modeling. METHODS: Prognostic cohort-study in primary care physiotherapy. Patients (nâ=â247) with acute low back pain (â€âone month) consulting physiotherapists were included. Candidate predictors were assessed by questionnaire at baseline and (to capture early recovery) after one and two weeks. Primary outcome was non-recovery after three months, defined as at least mild pain (Numeric Rating Scaleâ>â2/10). Machine learning models to predict non-recovery were developed and internally validated, and compared with two current practices in physiotherapy (STarT Back tool and physiotherapists' expectation) and 'traditional' logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Forty-seven percent of the participants did not recover at three months. The best performing machine learning model showed acceptable predictive performance (area under the curve: 0.66). Although this was no better than a'traditional' logistic regression model, it outperformed current practice. CONCLUSIONS: We developed two prognostic models containing partially different predictors, with acceptable performance for predicting (non-)recovery in patients with acute LBP, which was better than current practice. Our prognostic models have the potential of integration in a clinical decision support system to facilitate data-driven, personalized treatment of acute low back pain, but needs external validation first
Utveckling av vattenburna, lÀttaktiverade och vattenavvisande textilimpregneringar som Àr tillverkade frÄn helt biobaserade rÄvaror
No full textâDurable water repellents (DWR) Ă€r textilimpregneringar som bidrar med vattenavvisande egenskaper som hĂ„ller lĂ€nge pĂ„ funktionella tyg. TyvĂ€rr Ă€r dessa hydrofobiska ytbehandlingar vanligtvis en kĂ€lla till skadliga och persistenta kemikalier och de Ă€ven Ă€r producerade frĂ„n fossilbaserade resurser. Eftersom medvetenheten kring de hĂ€r problemen har ökat, har innovativa, miljövĂ€nliga och biologiskt nedbrytbara alternativ tagits fram. Hittills finns dock inga produkter gjorda av 100% förnybara rĂ„varor. I ett försök att utveckla en biobaserad, icke-giftig DWR som aktiveras under milda förhĂ„llanden, lades fokus pĂ„ utveckling av en lagringsstabil sprayimpregneringsprodukt för hemmabruk. Vid formulering av emulsionerna/dispersionerna utvĂ€rderades en stor mĂ€ngd biobaserade och kommersiellt tillgĂ€ngliga hydrofobiska och amfifila molekyler med avseende den vattenavvisande effekt som de bidrog med pĂ„ den behandlade textilen. Samtidigt bedömdes de producerade formuleringarna noggrant för att skapa förstĂ„else om effekterna frĂ„n ingredienserna och deras relation till produktens stabilitet. De kandidatprodukter som valdes ut och undersöktes vidare hade lovande vattenavvisande egenskaper och visade rimlig hĂ„llbarhetstid pĂ„ Ă„tminstone en mĂ„nad i 40 °C. Standardiserade sprayscores pĂ„ 3 (dĂ€r 1 Ă€r sĂ€mst och 5 Ă€r bĂ€st) nĂ„ddes efter 24 timmars hĂ€ngtorkning i rumstemperatur. Dessutom uppnĂ„ddes sprayscore pĂ„ 5 efter en kort, icke-industriell torktumling pĂ„ lĂ„g temperatur och den behölls efter minst tio tvĂ€ttar pĂ„ syntetiska textiler. Utvalda produkter pĂ„verkade inte mĂ€rkbart tygets andningsförmĂ„ga och majoriteten hade ingen influens pĂ„ textilens mjukhet och fĂ€rg. Förutom uppskalningsexperiment och partikelstorleksmĂ€tningar, granskades resultat med en tillĂ€mpningsstudie av formuleringarna pĂ„ femton olika tygtyper. Produkternas effekter pĂ„ utseende och kĂ€nsla dokumenterades för de olika textilierna. Egenskaper som kontaktvinklar, sprayscores och tvĂ€ttbestĂ€ndighet bestĂ€mdes och jĂ€mfördes med en kommersiellt tillgĂ€nglig produkt.Durable water repellents (DWR) are textile finishes that provide long-lasting water repelling properties to functional garments. However, these hydrophobic finishes are commonly a source of polluting and persistent chemicals and are produced from fossil resources. As a result of increasing awareness, innovation towards environmentally friendly and biodegradable alternatives has progressed, yet no 100% renewable sourced products are available. In an attempt to create a bio-based, non-toxic DWR, that is curable under mild conditions, focus was put on the development of a shelf stable spray impregnation product intended for consumer use. By formulating dispersion/emulsion systems, a wide variety of commercially available, renewable sourced amphiphilic and hydrophobic molecules were evaluated on their effect on the water repelling performance of treated textile fabrics. Simultaneously, the produced systems were assessed carefully to create understanding on the effect of substances and their corresponding ratios on the stability. Promising candidate products that were selected for further investigation showed reasonable stability for 1 month at 40 °C. Industrial standard spray ratings of 3 (where 1 is worst and 5 is best) after hang drying at room temperature could be reached within 24 hours. On top of that, spray ratings of 5 could be reached after short time, non-industrial tumble drying at low temperatures, which could even be retained for at least ten laundering cycles on synthetic textiles. The selected finishes did not have a measurable effect on the breathability of the treated fabrics, while the majority did not considerably affect the hands-feeling or colour of the textiles. Besides several scaling up experiments and particle size measurements, extrapolation of the findings was carried out by testing the developed formulations on fifteen different types of textiles. Effects on appearance and feel were documented, additionally, contact angle, spray score, and wash durability were determined and compared with a commercially available product
Utveckling av vattenburna, lÀttaktiverade och vattenavvisande textilimpregneringar som Àr tillverkade frÄn helt biobaserade rÄvaror
No full textâDurable water repellents (DWR) Ă€r textilimpregneringar som bidrar med vattenavvisande egenskaper som hĂ„ller lĂ€nge pĂ„ funktionella tyg. TyvĂ€rr Ă€r dessa hydrofobiska ytbehandlingar vanligtvis en kĂ€lla till skadliga och persistenta kemikalier och de Ă€ven Ă€r producerade frĂ„n fossilbaserade resurser. Eftersom medvetenheten kring de hĂ€r problemen har ökat, har innovativa, miljövĂ€nliga och biologiskt nedbrytbara alternativ tagits fram. Hittills finns dock inga produkter gjorda av 100% förnybara rĂ„varor. I ett försök att utveckla en biobaserad, icke-giftig DWR som aktiveras under milda förhĂ„llanden, lades fokus pĂ„ utveckling av en lagringsstabil sprayimpregneringsprodukt för hemmabruk. Vid formulering av emulsionerna/dispersionerna utvĂ€rderades en stor mĂ€ngd biobaserade och kommersiellt tillgĂ€ngliga hydrofobiska och amfifila molekyler med avseende den vattenavvisande effekt som de bidrog med pĂ„ den behandlade textilen. Samtidigt bedömdes de producerade formuleringarna noggrant för att skapa förstĂ„else om effekterna frĂ„n ingredienserna och deras relation till produktens stabilitet. De kandidatprodukter som valdes ut och undersöktes vidare hade lovande vattenavvisande egenskaper och visade rimlig hĂ„llbarhetstid pĂ„ Ă„tminstone en mĂ„nad i 40 °C. Standardiserade sprayscores pĂ„ 3 (dĂ€r 1 Ă€r sĂ€mst och 5 Ă€r bĂ€st) nĂ„ddes efter 24 timmars hĂ€ngtorkning i rumstemperatur. Dessutom uppnĂ„ddes sprayscore pĂ„ 5 efter en kort, icke-industriell torktumling pĂ„ lĂ„g temperatur och den behölls efter minst tio tvĂ€ttar pĂ„ syntetiska textiler. Utvalda produkter pĂ„verkade inte mĂ€rkbart tygets andningsförmĂ„ga och majoriteten hade ingen influens pĂ„ textilens mjukhet och fĂ€rg. Förutom uppskalningsexperiment och partikelstorleksmĂ€tningar, granskades resultat med en tillĂ€mpningsstudie av formuleringarna pĂ„ femton olika tygtyper. Produkternas effekter pĂ„ utseende och kĂ€nsla dokumenterades för de olika textilierna. Egenskaper som kontaktvinklar, sprayscores och tvĂ€ttbestĂ€ndighet bestĂ€mdes och jĂ€mfördes med en kommersiellt tillgĂ€nglig produkt.Durable water repellents (DWR) are textile finishes that provide long-lasting water repelling properties to functional garments. However, these hydrophobic finishes are commonly a source of polluting and persistent chemicals and are produced from fossil resources. As a result of increasing awareness, innovation towards environmentally friendly and biodegradable alternatives has progressed, yet no 100% renewable sourced products are available. In an attempt to create a bio-based, non-toxic DWR, that is curable under mild conditions, focus was put on the development of a shelf stable spray impregnation product intended for consumer use. By formulating dispersion/emulsion systems, a wide variety of commercially available, renewable sourced amphiphilic and hydrophobic molecules were evaluated on their effect on the water repelling performance of treated textile fabrics. Simultaneously, the produced systems were assessed carefully to create understanding on the effect of substances and their corresponding ratios on the stability. Promising candidate products that were selected for further investigation showed reasonable stability for 1 month at 40 °C. Industrial standard spray ratings of 3 (where 1 is worst and 5 is best) after hang drying at room temperature could be reached within 24 hours. On top of that, spray ratings of 5 could be reached after short time, non-industrial tumble drying at low temperatures, which could even be retained for at least ten laundering cycles on synthetic textiles. The selected finishes did not have a measurable effect on the breathability of the treated fabrics, while the majority did not considerably affect the hands-feeling or colour of the textiles. Besides several scaling up experiments and particle size measurements, extrapolation of the findings was carried out by testing the developed formulations on fifteen different types of textiles. Effects on appearance and feel were documented, additionally, contact angle, spray score, and wash durability were determined and compared with a commercially available product
Utveckling av vattenburna, lÀttaktiverade och vattenavvisande textilimpregneringar som Àr tillverkade frÄn helt biobaserade rÄvaror
No full textâDurable water repellents (DWR) Ă€r textilimpregneringar som bidrar med vattenavvisande egenskaper som hĂ„ller lĂ€nge pĂ„ funktionella tyg. TyvĂ€rr Ă€r dessa hydrofobiska ytbehandlingar vanligtvis en kĂ€lla till skadliga och persistenta kemikalier och de Ă€ven Ă€r producerade frĂ„n fossilbaserade resurser. Eftersom medvetenheten kring de hĂ€r problemen har ökat, har innovativa, miljövĂ€nliga och biologiskt nedbrytbara alternativ tagits fram. Hittills finns dock inga produkter gjorda av 100% förnybara rĂ„varor. I ett försök att utveckla en biobaserad, icke-giftig DWR som aktiveras under milda förhĂ„llanden, lades fokus pĂ„ utveckling av en lagringsstabil sprayimpregneringsprodukt för hemmabruk. Vid formulering av emulsionerna/dispersionerna utvĂ€rderades en stor mĂ€ngd biobaserade och kommersiellt tillgĂ€ngliga hydrofobiska och amfifila molekyler med avseende den vattenavvisande effekt som de bidrog med pĂ„ den behandlade textilen. Samtidigt bedömdes de producerade formuleringarna noggrant för att skapa förstĂ„else om effekterna frĂ„n ingredienserna och deras relation till produktens stabilitet. De kandidatprodukter som valdes ut och undersöktes vidare hade lovande vattenavvisande egenskaper och visade rimlig hĂ„llbarhetstid pĂ„ Ă„tminstone en mĂ„nad i 40 °C. Standardiserade sprayscores pĂ„ 3 (dĂ€r 1 Ă€r sĂ€mst och 5 Ă€r bĂ€st) nĂ„ddes efter 24 timmars hĂ€ngtorkning i rumstemperatur. Dessutom uppnĂ„ddes sprayscore pĂ„ 5 efter en kort, icke-industriell torktumling pĂ„ lĂ„g temperatur och den behölls efter minst tio tvĂ€ttar pĂ„ syntetiska textiler. Utvalda produkter pĂ„verkade inte mĂ€rkbart tygets andningsförmĂ„ga och majoriteten hade ingen influens pĂ„ textilens mjukhet och fĂ€rg. Förutom uppskalningsexperiment och partikelstorleksmĂ€tningar, granskades resultat med en tillĂ€mpningsstudie av formuleringarna pĂ„ femton olika tygtyper. Produkternas effekter pĂ„ utseende och kĂ€nsla dokumenterades för de olika textilierna. Egenskaper som kontaktvinklar, sprayscores och tvĂ€ttbestĂ€ndighet bestĂ€mdes och jĂ€mfördes med en kommersiellt tillgĂ€nglig produkt.Durable water repellents (DWR) are textile finishes that provide long-lasting water repelling properties to functional garments. However, these hydrophobic finishes are commonly a source of polluting and persistent chemicals and are produced from fossil resources. As a result of increasing awareness, innovation towards environmentally friendly and biodegradable alternatives has progressed, yet no 100% renewable sourced products are available. In an attempt to create a bio-based, non-toxic DWR, that is curable under mild conditions, focus was put on the development of a shelf stable spray impregnation product intended for consumer use. By formulating dispersion/emulsion systems, a wide variety of commercially available, renewable sourced amphiphilic and hydrophobic molecules were evaluated on their effect on the water repelling performance of treated textile fabrics. Simultaneously, the produced systems were assessed carefully to create understanding on the effect of substances and their corresponding ratios on the stability. Promising candidate products that were selected for further investigation showed reasonable stability for 1 month at 40 °C. Industrial standard spray ratings of 3 (where 1 is worst and 5 is best) after hang drying at room temperature could be reached within 24 hours. On top of that, spray ratings of 5 could be reached after short time, non-industrial tumble drying at low temperatures, which could even be retained for at least ten laundering cycles on synthetic textiles. The selected finishes did not have a measurable effect on the breathability of the treated fabrics, while the majority did not considerably affect the hands-feeling or colour of the textiles. Besides several scaling up experiments and particle size measurements, extrapolation of the findings was carried out by testing the developed formulations on fifteen different types of textiles. Effects on appearance and feel were documented, additionally, contact angle, spray score, and wash durability were determined and compared with a commercially available product
Acoustic habitat and shellfish mapping and monitoring in shallow coastal water - Sidescan sonar experiences in The Netherlands
No full textSidescan sonar has been applied in a number of shallow water environments along the Dutch coast to map and monitor shellfish and seabed habitats. The littoral setting of these surveys may hamper data acquisition flying the towfish in zones of turbulence and waves, but also offers valuable opportunities for understanding, interpreting and validating sidescan sonar images because of the ability to ground-truth during low water periods, enabling easy identification and validation. Acoustical images of some of the mussel banks on the tidal flats of the Wadden Sea, recorded at high tide, show a marked resemblance with optical Google Earth images of the same banks. These sonar images may thus serve as 'acoustic type signatures' for the interpretation of sonar patterns recorded in deeper water where ground-truthing is more difficult and more expensive. Similarly, acoustic type signatures of (Japanese) oyster banks were obtained in the estuaries in the southwest of the Netherlands. Automated acoustic pattern recognition of different habitats and acoustical estimation of faunal cover and density are possible applications of sidescan sonar. Both require that the backscattering observed on the sidescan sonar images is directly caused by the biological component of the seafloor. Filtering offers a simple and effective pre-processing technique to separate the faunal signals from linear trends such as emanating from wave ripples or the central tracks of the towfish. Acoustically estimating the faunal density is approached by in-situ counting peaks in backscattering in unit squares. These counts must be calibrated by ground-truthing. Ground-truthing on littoral mussel banks in the Wadden Sea has been carried out by measuring their cover along lines during low tide. Due to its capacity of yielding full-cover, high resolution images of large surfaces, sidescan sonar proves to be an excellent, cost-effective tool for quantitative time-lapse monitoring of habitats. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Close neighbours not distant friends: What has been learned about Neighbourhood focused housing associations in England and the Netherlands?
No full textClose neighbours not distant friends: What has been learned about Neighbourhood focused housing associations in England and the Netherlands?
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