An integrated life cycle costing database: a conceptual framework

Life cycle costing (LCC) is a management technique that has been available to the industry for some time, but despite this it continues to languish in obscurity. Some clients, most apparently from the public sector, are fostering the technique by commissioning studies based on the LCC appraisal techniques. However, the majority of building designs are still currently produced unsullied by thoughts of maintenance implications, life expectancy or energy consumption. Recent technological developments, particularly in Web, Virtual Reality (VR), and Object Oriented technologies and mathematical and computational modelling techniques will undoubtedly help in resolving some of the problems associated with life cycle costing techniques. This paper outlines a conceptual framework for an innovative system that facilitates the implementation of LCC in various design and occupancy stages. This system is being developed within an EPSRC-funded research project, undertaken through a joint collaboration between the Robert Gordon University and the University of Salford

Experimental transmission of atypical ileal hyperplasia of hamsters.

Conditions for oral transmission of atypical ileal hyperplasia (AIH) in weanling hamsters were established and 22 passages were made. AIH was transmitted by feeding whole cell-free supernatants of ileal homogenates. The etiologic agent(s) was retained by 0.22 mum pore-size filters and was inactivated by chloroform treatment or by heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min. Enteric bacteria from affected animals also induced AIH, but with a lower morbidity and mortality than following inoculation with ileal extracts. Experimentally induced lesions progressed from marked segmental hyperplasia of ileal mucosa to granulomatous inflammation in underlying connective tissue and muscle tunics. Hyperplastic mucosal epithelium penetrated the muscularis mucosa, but metastases were not detected. Serum antibody from exposed animals reacted specifically, by indirect immunofluorescence, with an intracytoplasmic mucosal cell antigen(s) of autologous and homogolous ileal lesions, but antibody did not react with normal ileal mucosa or with unaffected portions of intestine from animals bearing ileal lesions

An integrated life cycle costing database: a conceptual framework

Life cycle costing (LCC) is a management technique that has been available to the industry for some time, but despite this it continues to languish in obscurity. Some clients, most apparently from the public sector, are fostering the technique by commissioning studies based on the LCC appraisal techniques. However, the majority of building designs are still currently produced unsullied by thoughts of maintenance implications, life expectancy or energy consumption. Recent technological developments, particularly in Web, Virtual Reality (VR), and Object Oriented technologies and mathematical and computational modelling techniques will undoubtedly help in resolving some of the problems associated with life cycle costing techniques. This paper outlines a conceptual framework for an innovative system that facilitates the implementation of LCC in various design and occupancy stages. This system is being developed within an EPSRC-funded research project, undertaken through a joint collaboration between the Robert Gordon University and the University of Salford