Jury Instructions: A Bibliography. Part I: Civil Jury Instructions

Pattern jury instructions are used by trial judges to explain the law to jurors in language that they can understand and that provide consistency from one trial to another. This bibliography contains references to 156 recent and dated compilations of civil jury instructions. An index to acronyms for civil jury instructions is included

On differential uniformity of maps that may hide an algebraic trapdoor

We investigate some differential properties for permutations in the affine group, of a vector space V over the binary field, with respect to a new group operation $\circ$, inducing an alternative vector space structure on $V$ .Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1411.768

Elder Law: A Guide to Key Resources

This research guide identifies and describes 163 books, periodicals, reference tools, databases, electronic discussion groups, organizations, and U.S. government agencies useful to the elder law practitioner and the legal researcher. Appendices include a state-by-state list of state aging agencies, bar association committees and sections, law school courses and clinics, and publications; acronyms; and subject headings and a index terms used in library catalogs, periodical indexes, and related sources

Jury Instructions: A Bibliography. Part II: Criminal Jury Instructions

Pattern jury instructions are used by trial judges to explain the law to jurors in language that they can understand and that provide consistency from one trial to another. This criminal jury instructions bibliography of 169 entries is a companion to a previous bibliography on civil jury instructions. An index to acronyms for both criminal and civil jury instructions is also included

Detection of Salmonella in Poultry Using Conventional Culture Methods and Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique

A study was carried out to evaluate three culture media and PCR for the detection of Salmonella spp. to improve Salmonella monitoring program. A total of 109 samples were collected from two farms. Sixty four samples were collected from farm A. These included 16 cloacal swabs collected from broilers before slaughtering, 18 intestinal swabs and 20 caecal swabs collected from broilers after evisceration, and 10 cloacal swabs collected from village chickens. Forty five samples were collected from farm B, which included 15 cloacal swabs from each of village chickens, turkeys, and guinea fowls. Samples were pre-enriched in BPW and investigated by plating them on XLT4 agar after enrichment in selenite cystine broth, BPLS agar after enrichment in Rappaport-Vasilliadis broth, and DIASALM directly after pre-enric hment in BPW. Suspected positive colonies were confirmed biochemically and serologically. DIASALM and BPLS agar were comparatively evaluated against XLT4 agar as the "gold standard" using Kappa statistic to determine the level of agreement between them. A total of 27 (24.77%) Salmonella were detected from the 109 samples. Isolation rates for XLT4, DIASALM, and BPLS were 20.20% (22 out of 109), 17.43% (19 out of 109), and 13.8% (15 out of 109), respectively. The sensitivity and agreement (Kappa statistic) with the "gold standard" for each evaluated detection method were: 70.4% and 0.69 (substantial) for DIASALM and 55.56% and 0.58 (mode rate) for BPLS. For the detection of Salmonella spp. by PCR, bacterial chromosomal DNA was extracted by boiling. Amplicons (429 bp) and (284 bp) derived from primers to the genomic random fragment (primers ST11 and ST15) and invA genes (primers 139 and 141) respectively, were confirmed as Salmonella specific on ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels. Using PCR assay Salmonella was detected 24% (13 out of 54) and 13% (7 out of 54) in broilers in farm A using primers ST11-ST15 and 139-141, respectively. Poultry species in farm B were negative for Salmonella by PCR. A specific primer was used for the detection of Salmonella enteritidis. None of Salmonella detected was Salmonella enteritidis. This study concluded that XLT4 agar is the most sensitive medium and is very specific for the isolation of Salmonella from chicken feces. DIASALM is a good medium for the isolation of Salmonella. The inability of PCR to successfully detect Salmonella specific products from all the samples that were positive for isolation is not clear. However, this would be partly explained by the presence of inhibitor factors in the DNA preparations. In addition, the primer set ST11-ST15 used in this study has not before been tested on cloacal swabs and fecal samples from poultry. Perhaps, with improved DNA extraction method may overcome the inhibitory problem and also low yield of DNA. PCR should be used together with cultivation for the detection of Salmonella especially when the serovar is to be determined

Sustained and transient neural modulations in prefrontal cortex related to declarative long-term memory, working memory, and attention

Common activations in prefrontal cortex (PFC) during episodic and semantic long-term memory (LTM) tasks have been hypothesized to reflect functional overlap in terms of working memory (WM) and cognitive control. To evaluate a WM account of LTM-general activations, the present study took into consideration that cognitive task performance depends on the dynamic operation of multiple component processes, some of which are stimulus-synchronous and transient in nature; and some that are engaged throughout a task in a sustained fashion. PFC and WM may be implicated in both of these temporally independent components. To elucidate these possibilities we employed mixed blocked/event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) procedures to assess the extent to which sustained or transient activation patterns overlapped across tasks indexing episodic and semantic LTM, attention (ATT), and WM. Within PFC, ventrolateral and medial areas exhibited sustained activity across all tasks, whereas more anterior regions including right frontopolar cortex were commonly engaged in sustained processing during the three memory tasks. These findings do not support a WM account of sustained frontal responses during LTM tasks, but instead suggest that the pattern that was common to all tasks reflects general attentional set/vigilance, and that the shared WM-LTM pattern mediates control processes related to upholding task set. Transient responses during the three memory tasks were assessed relative to ATT to isolate item-specific mnemonic processes and were found to be largely distinct from sustained effects. Task-specific effects were observed for each memory task. In addition, a common item response for all memory tasks involved left dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC). The latter response might be seen as reflecting WM processes during LTM retrieval. Thus, our findings suggest that a WM account of shared PFC recruitment in LTM tasks holds for common transient item-related responses rather than sustained state-related responses that are better seen as reflecting more general attentional/control processes

Complete Experimental Structure Determination of the p(3x2)pg Phase of Glycine on Cu{110}

We present a quantitative low energy electron diffraction (LEED) surface-crystallograpic study of the complete adsorption geometry of glycine adsorbed on Cu{110} in the ordered p(3×2) phase. The glycine molecules form bonds to the surface through the N atoms of the amino group and the two O atoms of the de-protonated carboxylate group, each with separate Cu atoms such that every Cu atom in the first layer is involved in a bond. Laterally, N atoms are nearest to the atop site (displacement 0.41 Å). The O atoms are asymmetrically displaced from the atop site by 0.54 Å and 1.18 Å with two very different O-Cu bond lengths of 1.93 Å and 2.18 Å. The atom positions of the upper-most Cu layers show small relaxations within 0.07 Å of the bulk-truncated surface geometry. The unit cell of the adsorbate layer consists of two glycine molecules, which are related by a glide-line symmetry operation. This study clearly shows that a significant coverage of adsorbate structures without this glide-line symmetry must be rejected, both on the grounds of the energy dependence of the spot intensities (LEED-IV curves) and of systematic absences in the LEED pattern

Digital pulse-shape discrimination of fast neutrons and gamma rays

Discrimination of the detection of fast neutrons and gamma rays in a liquid scintillator detector has been investigated using digital pulse-processing techniques. An experimental setup with a 252Cf source, a BC-501 liquid scintillator detector, and a BaF2 detector was used to collect waveforms with a 100 Ms/s, 14 bit sampling ADC. Three identical ADC's were combined to increase the sampling frequency to 300 Ms/s. Four different digital pulse-shape analysis algorithms were developed and compared to each other and to data obtained with an analogue neutron-gamma discrimination unit. Two of the digital algorithms were based on the charge comparison method, while the analogue unit and the other two digital algorithms were based on the zero-crossover method. Two different figure-of-merit parameters, which quantify the neutron-gamma discrimination properties, were evaluated for all four digital algorithms and for the analogue data set. All of the digital algorithms gave similar or better figure-of-merit values than what was obtained with the analogue setup. A detailed study of the discrimination properties as a function of sampling frequency and bit resolution of the ADC was performed. It was shown that a sampling ADC with a bit resolution of 12 bits and a sampling frequency of 100 Ms/s is adequate for achieving an optimal neutron-gamma discrimination for pulses having a dynamic range for deposited neutron energies of 0.3-12 MeV. An investigation of the influence of the sampling frequency on the time resolution was made. A FWHM of 1.7 ns was obtained at 100 Ms/s.Comment: 26 pages, 14 figures, submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research