Studies on the Production of Protease by Bacillus Species

The different bacterial isolates such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus firmus and mixed culture were screened for protease production.  A basal medium containing peptone, beef extract and NaCl was used for this biomass cultivation. Among the different bacterial isolates screened, the maximum protease production was found in B. coagulans and minimum in B. subtilis in both quantitative and semi quantitative assay. The effect of various environmental conditions like pH, temperature, rpm and inoculum size on alkaline protease production was examined.  The optimum condition for protease production upon inoculation of 1ml of overnight grown culture was found to be pH 9.2, 37º C, 175 rpm and 1% of inoculum for a time period of 24 h.  One way analysis of variance showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in protease production between different species

Anisotropic magnetic and superconducting properties of pure and Co-doped CaFe2_2As2_2 single crystals

We report anisotropic dc magnetic susceptibility $\chi(T)$, electrical resistivity $\rho(T)$, and heat capacity $C(T)$ measurements on the single crystals of CaFe$_{2-x}$Co$_x$As$_2$ for $x$ = 0 and 0.06. Large sized single crystals were grown by the high temperature solution method with Sn as the solvent. For the pure compound with $x$ = 0, a high temperature transition at 170 K is observed which is attributed to a combined spin density wave (SDW) ordering and a structural phase transition. On the other hand, for the Co-doped samples for $x$ = 0.06, the SDW transition is suppressed while superconductivity is observed at $\simeq$17 K. The superconducting transition has been confirmed from the magnetization and electrical resistivity studies. The $^{57}$Fe M\"ossbauer spectrum in CaFe$_2$As$_2$ indicates that the SDW ordering is incommensurate. In the Co-doped sample, a prominent paramagnetic line at 4.2 K is observed indicating a weakening of the SDW state.Comment: 4 pages 5 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev.

A Comparative Study of Rapid Immuno Chromatography Test with Elisa For Detection of Dengue Ns1 Antigen, IgM and IgG Antibody

AIM OF THE STUDY: To analyse the efficacy of Immunochromatography with ELISA for detection of Dengue parameters (NS1 antigen, IgM and IgG antibodies) in Dengue suspected cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 blood samples obtained from adults with fever >4 days presenting with thrombocytopaenia (<1,00,000) were taken for the study from the Department of Medicine, Government Medical College Hospital, Tirunelveli after obtaining informed written consent. The samples were tested by Rapid Immunochromatography (ICT) and ELISA methods for NS1 Ag, IgM and IgG Ab and the results were evaluated for efficacy. RESULTS: Out of 100 adults tested by rapid ICT, 38% were positive for Dengue infection (NS1 antigen, IgM and IgG antibodies) in the serum sample. The same samples were tested by ELISA (Positive for any one of the three parameters) the positivity was found to be 59%. 37 samples positive by ICT were positive by ELISA also. Rapid ICT had a sensitivity of 87.5%, Specificity of 98.8% for NS1 antigen when evaluated against NS1 antigen. ELISA as gold standard. Rapid ICT had a very low sensitivity of 28.6% and 47.1% and an excellent specificity of 98% and 100% for IgM and IgG antibody detection when evaluated against MAC ELISA and GAC ELISA as gold standard respectively.13.6% showed primary infection and 64.4% showed secondary infection. CONCLUSION: Out of the total 100 cases studied, the rapid immunochromatography test has very less sensitivity and specificity is satisfactory .All samples should be subjected to both antigen(NS1) and antibody (IgM and IgG) testing to increase the positivity rate and to prevent the positive cases being missed. Cases with higher degrees of suspicion are to be subjected to diagnostic tests with higher sensitivity & specificity like ELISA and PCR. The commercially available rapid immunochromatographic test device can be used as a screening device during Dengue outbreaks. It should not be used as a standalone device for diagnosis of Dengue. Further molecular studies are essential to know the accurate information of Dengue serotypes which will be helpful in formulating vaccines in future

Crystal structure and molecular docking studies of octahydrocycloocta[b]pyridine-3-carbonitriles as potential inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The compounds 1-benzyl-2-imino-4-p-tolyl-1,2,5,6,7,8,9,10-octahydrocycloocta[b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Ia) and 1-benzyl-2-imino-(4-methoxyphenyl-1,2,5,6,7,8,9,10-octahydrocycloocta {b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Ib) were synthesized. The crystal structures of the compounds were determined by single crystal X ray diffraction. The compounds C26 H27 N3 (Ia)  and  C26 H27 N3O  (Ib)  crystallize in the triclinic system (a = 10.2304(4) Å, b = 10.5655(4) Å, c = 11.8271(4) Å, α = 101.755(2) °, β = 106.934(2) °, γ = 114.071(2) ° and Z = 2  for I(a) and a = 10.2738(4) Å, b = 11.1654(5) Å, c = 11.4162(4) Å α = 98.549(2) °, β = 106.183(2) °, γ = 117.070(2) ° and Z = 2 for I(b)). In both compounds (Ia) and (Ib) the pyridine ring adopts a planar conformation and the cyclooctane ring adopts a twisted boat chair conformation. The synthesized compounds were screened for  their  antibacterial activities against the enzyme enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase, which is involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis of the mycobacterial cell wall. Both compounds showed good antibacterial activities. The synthesis of the compounds, their structure determination, their conformation, their intra- and intermolecular interactions and docking study results are given.  

Crystal structure and molecular docking studies of benzo[8]annulenes as potential inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacterial cell wall has a characteristic low permeability, which essentially makes antibiotics ineffective. The cell wall material must be regulated so that its deposition does not compromise its structure. In this study, two new inhibitors, 2-amino-4-(4-cholorophenyl)-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrobenzo[8] annulene-1,3,3(4H)-tricarbonitrile(Ia) and 2-amino-4-(4-bromophenyl)-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrobenzo[8]annulene-1,3,3(4H)-tricarbonitrile(Ib) were synthesized. The crystal structures of the above compounds were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compounds C21 H19 Cl N3 (Ia) and C21 H19 Br N3 (Ib) were crystallized in the monoclinic and triclinic system. In both compounds, the cyclohexane ring was found to adopt a boat conformation. The cyclooctane ring of both compounds adopted a twisted chair-chair conformation.  In silico analyses revealed that both compounds showed good anti-mycobacterial activities against the enoyl-acyl carrier enzyme and the N-acetyl-gamma protein, both of which are critical for bacterial survival. Synthesis, structure determination, conformation, intra, inter-molecular interactions and docking studies of both compounds are presented herein

Crystal structure of 2-benzylamino-4-(4-bromo-phenyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile

JS and RAN thank the management of The Madura College (Autonomous), Madurai, for their encouragement and support. RRK thanks the University Grants Commission, New Delhi, for funds through Major Research Project F. No. 42–242/2013 (SR).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

INTEND AND MANUFACTURE OF RCC BEAMS USING FIBBER CONTAINS FOR HIGH POTENCY

Worldwide, a large amount of study is presently being performed worrying using fiber enhanced cling wrap, laminates as well as sheets in the fixing as well as fortifying of strengthened concrete participants. Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) application is a really reliable method to fix as well as enhance frameworks that have actually come to be structurally weak over their life expectancy. FRP repair service systems supply a financially feasible option to conventional repair work systems as well as products. Speculative examinations on the flexural as well as shear practices of RC beam of lights reinforced making use of constant glass fiber strengthened polymer (GFRP) sheets are performed. On the surface strengthened concrete beam of lights with epoxy-bonded GFRP sheets were checked to failing making use of an in proportion 2 factors focused fixed filling system. 2 collections of beam of lights were casted for this speculative examination program. In SET I 3 beams of lights weak in flexure were casted, out of which one is managed beam of light and also various other 2 light beams were enhanced making use of constant glass fiber enhanced polymer (GFRP) sheets in flexure. In SET II 3 beam of lights weak in shear were casted, out of which one is the regulated light beam and also various other 2 light beams were enhanced utilizing constant glass fiber enhanced polymer (GFRP) sheets in shear. The fortifying of the light beams is finished with various quantity and also arrangement of GFRP sheets